Chapter 4, Problem 4.61P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equation which relates the concentration of ${\text{SO}}_2\left({\text{lb}}_{\text{m}}/{\text{ft}}^3\right)$ to the analyzer reading is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The equation of a straight line on semi-log plot is, $\ln y=\text{m}x+\ln \text{b}$.

Given two points $\left(x_1,y_1\right)\text{ and }\left(x_2,y_2\right)$, the slope $\left(\text{m}\right)$ for this equation is calculated as:

$\text{m}=\frac{\ln y_2-\ln y_1}{x_2-x_1}$                  …… (1)

The value of intercept can be calculated using this slope and any one of the given points.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compliance of the process with the given EPA regulation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The percentage of ${\text{SO}}_2$ produced in the furnace which is removed in the scrubber is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass and is used to calculate the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

The total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products.

The formula to calculate the mass flowrate of a component $\left(\stackrel{•}{m_i}\right)$ is:

$\stackrel{•}{m_i}=x_i\times \stackrel{•}{m}$                  …… (5)

Here, $x_i$ is the mass fraction of the component $i$ and $\stackrel{•}{m}$ is the mass flowrate of that stream.

A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason for the discontinuity of the old EPA regulation after the new EPA regulation was imposed is to be determined and explained.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction of a component in a mixture can be altered by dilution of the mixture. Mole fraction is referred to as the number of moles of that component divided by the total moles of the mixture.

Due to dilution of the mixture, the total moles of the mixture are increased but moles of the component being the same. Thus, mole fraction is decreased.