Introduction To Health Physics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780071835275
Author: Johnson, Thomas E. (thomas Edward), Cember, Herman.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.45P
(a)
To determine
The half-life of radioisotopes.
(b)
To determine
The
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A sample of radioactive material is obtained from a very old rock. The activity of the rock over a period of time is monitored, and lnA is plotted as a function of t such as in Figure (b). The slope of the line has a value of -6.1 ×10^−8y^−1.
FInd the half-life in years.
Consider an initial amount of 708g of radioactive material with half-life h=3.2hdays.
Use a spreadsheet to record the initial amount (at day 0) and to calculate the amounts left at 1day intervals, up to day 10 included.
What is the average amount of material over the time interval from day 0 to day 10? Round your answer to the nearest integer:
Potassium-argon dating is used to measure the age of rocks formed from cooled lava by determining the fraction of the original 40K remaining in a sample from the ratio of 40K:40Ar. Unusually, potassium-40 decays into both 40Ca (89.1% of the time) and 40Ar (10.9% of the time) with a half-life of 1:248 x 10^9 years.1. What is the calculated age of a sample in which the faction of 40K remaining was found to be 0.0043?2. Is this result physically plausible?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introduction To Health Physics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - If we start with 5 mg of 210Pb , what would be the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - For use in carcinogenesis studies, benzo(a)pyrene...
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Calculate the number of beta particles emitted per...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - How much 234U is there in 1 metric ton of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - The mean concentration of potassium in crustal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - What is the (a) half-life? (b) mean life (in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55P
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- Enter the correct nuclide symbol in each open tan rectangle in Figure P43.25, which shows the sequences of decays in the natural radioactive series starting with the long-lived isotope uranium-235 and ending with the stable nucleus lead-207. Figure P43.25arrow_forwardWhat is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forwardIf a 1.50-cm-thick piece of lead can absorb 90.0% of the rays from a radioactive source, how many centimeters of lead are needed to absorb all but 0.100% of the rays?arrow_forward
- An artifact classified as charcoal, found in a site at Epirus, Greece, is found to have a 14C radioactivity of 4.36×10-2 counts per second per gram of carbon. If living carbon-containing objects have an activity of 0.255 counts per second per gram of carbon, estimate the age of the artifact? The half-life of 14C is 5730 years.arrow_forwardA rock sample contains two radioactive elements A and B, with half lives of 8000 and 16000 years respectively. If the relative proportion of AB is initially 1: 1, what is their relative proportion after 16000 years? 2:1 3:1 12 1.3arrow_forwardAsap plzarrow_forward
- B6arrow_forwardPotassium-argon dating is used to measure the age of rocks formed from cooled lava by determining the fraction of the original 40K remaining in a sample from the ratio of 40K:40Ar. Unusually, potassium-40 decays into both 40Ca (89.1% of the time) and 40Ar (10.9% of the time) with a half-life of 1:248 x 109 years. What is the calculated age of a sample in which the faction of 40K remaining was found to be 0.0043? Is this result physically plausible and why?arrow_forwardModern household smoke detectors contain a tiny speck of the element Americium (Am, atomic number 95, atomic mass 241), which has a half-life of 432 years and an activity of (roughly) of 37,000 decays per second. a) What is the approximate mass of this speck? (Hint: the atomic mass of this isotope is approximately 241.06 u). b) This isotope is an alpha emitter. Is its radiation likely to be a hazard to the household members while the smoke detector is on the ceiling? Explain.arrow_forward
- Radioactive substances follow a specific law of decay. Namely, if you have a sample of some radioactive isotope, the quantity left after a certain time, called the half-life and denoted T1/2, is one-half of what you had initially. If you wait a second half-life, then there will be half f what was left at the end of the first half-life. Since 1/2-1/2 = 1/4, you will have one-fourth of the original quantity left after two half-lives. You can continue with this procedure to find the fraction of the original sample that hasn't decayed after any number of half- lives. However, this would become quite cumbersome if you are interested in the quantity left after, say, 10 half-lives. In this case, the quantity you are looking for would be found by multiplying the original quantity by 10 factors or 1/2. To solve this problem, we use exponents. An exponent, a small number written above and to the right, tells you how many copies of a particular number are multiplied together. In our example,…arrow_forwardA 25g piece of charcoal is discovered in a prehistoric cave. Carbon 14 of the sample shows a radioactive activity of 250 disintegrations / minute. If we estimate that originally the decay was 376 decays / minute, for how long is the tree from which the carbon sample was taken dead? The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.arrow_forwardA certain radioactive nuclide decays with a disintegration constant of 0.0256 h1. (a) Calculate the half-life of this nuclide. What fraction of a sample will remain at the end of (b) 4.37 half-lives and (c) 12.8 days? (a) Number 2.71e+1 Units hours (b) Number 484e-2 Units This answer has no units+ (c) Number 3.31e-1 Unitsarrow_forward
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