Introduction To Health Physics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780071835275
Author: Johnson, Thomas E. (thomas Edward), Cember, Herman.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.27P
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The time at which the activity of 24-minute
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To determine the wear of an automobile engine, a steel compression ring is placed in a nuclear reactor, where it becomes neutron activated because of the formation of 59Fe(t1/2 = 44.5 days, β-). The activity of the ring when placed in the engine is 4.0 x 105 Bq. Over the next 60 days, the car is driven 100,000 km on a test track. The engine oil is extracted, and the activity rate of the oil is measured to be 512 β - /min. What fraction of the ring was worn off during the test?
A 60Co source with activity 15.0 Ci is embedded in a tumor that has a mass of 0.500kg. The Co source emits gamma-ray photons with an average of 1.25 MeV. Half the photons are absorbed in the tumor, and half escape.
a) What energy is delivered to the tumor per second?
b) What absorbed dose (in rad) is delivered per second?
c) What equivalent dose (in rem) is delivered per second if the RBE for these gammas is 0.7?
d) The half-life of 60Co is 5.27 years. What mass of cobalt does 15.0 Ci correspond to?
Strontium-90 from the testing of nuclear bombs can still be found in the atmosphere. Each decay of 90Sr releases 1.10 MeV of energy into the bones of a person who has had strontium replace his or her body’s calcium. Assume a 70.0-kg person receives 1.00 ng of 90Sr from contaminated milk. Take the half-life of 90Sr to be 29.1 yr. Calculate the absorbed dose rate (in joules per kilogram) in one year.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introduction To Health Physics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - If we start with 5 mg of 210Pb , what would be the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - For use in carcinogenesis studies, benzo(a)pyrene...
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Calculate the number of beta particles emitted per...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - How much 234U is there in 1 metric ton of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - The mean concentration of potassium in crustal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - What is the (a) half-life? (b) mean life (in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55P
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- A beam of 168MeV nitrogen nuclei is used for cancer therapy. If this beam is directed onto a 0.200kg tumor and gives it a 2.00Sv dose, how many nitrogen nuclei were stopped? (Use an RBE of 20 for heavy ions.)arrow_forwardData from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. A 60Co source is labeled 4.00 mCi, but its present activity is found to be 1.85107Bq. (a) What is the present activity in mCi? (b) How long ago did it actually have a 4.00—mCi activity?arrow_forwardWhat is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutroninduced fission (similar to the spontaneous fission in Example 32.3) n+238U96Sr+140Xe+3n, given m(96Sr)=95.921750u and m(140Xe)=139.92164. (b) This result is about 6 MeV greater than the result for spontaneous fission. Why? (c) Con?rm that the total number at nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.arrow_forwardCalculate the dose in Sv to the chest at a patient given an xray under the following conditions. The xray beam intensity is 1.50 W/m2, the area of the chest exposed is 0.0750 m2 35.0% of the xrays are absorbed in 20.0 kg of tissue, and the exposure time is 0.250 s.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron- induced fission n+238U96Sr+140Xe+3n , given m(96Sr)=95.921750uand m(140Xe)=139.92164 . This result is about 6 MeV greater than the result for spontaneous fission. Why? Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutroninduced fission reaction n+239Pu96Sr+140Ba+4n, given m(96Sr)=95.921750u and m(140Ba)=139.910581u. (b) Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.arrow_forward(a) A cancer patient is exposed to rays from a 5000Ci 60Co transillumination unit for 32.0 s. The rays are collimated in such a manner that only 1.00% of them strike the patient. Of those, 20.0% are absorbed in a tumor having a mass of 1.50 kg. What is the dose in rem to the tumor, it the average energy per decay is 1.25 MeV? None of the s from the decay reach the patient. (b) Is the dose consistent with stated therapeutic doses?arrow_forwardData from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. (a) Calculate the activity R in curies at 1.00 g of 226Ra. (b) Discuss why your answer is not exactly 1.00 Ci, given that the curie was originally supposed to be exactly the activity of a gram of radium.arrow_forward
- (a) Background radiation due to 226Ra averages only 0.01 mSv/y, but it can range upward depending on where a 226Ra in the 80.0kg body of a man who receives a dose of 2.50mSv/y from it, noting that each 226Ra decay emits a 4.80MeV particle. You may person lives. Find the mass of neglect dose due to daughters and assume a constant amount, evenly distributed due to balanced ingestion and handily elimination. (b) Is it surprising that such a small mass could cause a measurable radiation dose? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the correct daughter nucleus associated with the beta decay of 72184Hf? (a) 72183Hf (b) 73183Ta (c) 73184Taarrow_forward(a) Find the total energy released in MeV in each carbon cycle (elaborated in the above problem) including the annihilation energy. (b) How does this compare with the protonproton cycle output?arrow_forward
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