Concept explainers
Videos
For each pair of compounds, classify the bonding as ionic or covalent and explain your choice.
- LiCl and HCl
- KBr and HBr
(a)
Interpretation:
The bonding between LiCl and HCl should be classified as ionic or covalent.
Concept Introduction:
The electronegativity difference can be used to differentiate bonds as polar, polar covalent and ionic bonds in different compounds.
If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is 0.5 or less, the bond is nonpolar in which electrons are equally shared. If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 − 1.9, the bond is polar covalent, in which electrons are unequally shared, they are pulled towards the more electronegative atom. If the electronegativity difference is 1.9 or greater, the bond is ionic which is formed by complete transfer of electron from positive to negative ion.
In common, non-polar and polar bonds are known as covalent bonds where electrons are shared between two atoms.
Answer to Problem 4.27P
LiCl − ionic
HCl - covalent
Explanation of Solution
Electronegativity values,
Li − 1.0
H − 2.1
Cl − 3.0
Electronegativity difference between Li and Cl =
Electronegativity difference between H and Cl =
(b)
Interpretation:
The bonding between KBr and HBr should be classified as ionic or covalent.
Concept Introduction:
The electronegativity difference can be used to differentiate bonds as polar, polar covalent and ionic bonds in different compounds.
If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is 0.5 or less, the bond is nonpolar in which electrons are equally shared. If the difference in electronegativitybetween two atoms is between 0.5 − 1.9, the bond is polar covalent, in which electrons are unequally shared, they are pulled towards the more electronegative atom. If the difference is 1.9 or greater, the bond is ionic which is formed by complete transfer of electron from positive to negative ion.
In common, non-polar and polar bonds are known as covalent bonds where electrons are shared between two atoms.
Answer to Problem 4.27P
KBr − ionic
HBr − covalent
Explanation of Solution
Electronegativity values,
K − 0.8
H − 2.1
Br − 2.8
Electronegativity difference between K and Br =
Electronegativity difference between H and Br =
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Organic Chemistry
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
- Part 1. Draw monomer units of the following products and draw their reaction mechanism 1) Bakelite like polymer Using: Resorcinol + NaOH + Formalin 2) Polyester fiber Using a) pthalic anhydride + anhydrous sodium acetate + ethylene glycol B)pthalic anhydride + anhydrous sodium acetate + glycerol 3) Temporary cross-linked polymer Using: 4% polyvinyl alcohol+ methyl red + 4% sodium boratearrow_forwardUsing the table of Reactants and Products provided provide the correct letter that corresponds with the Carboxylic acid that is formed in the reaction below. 6 M NaOH Acid-workup WRITE THE CORRECT LETTER ONLY DO NOT WRITE EXTRA WORDS OR PHRASES A) Pool of Reagents for Part B CI B) OH C) E) CI J) racemic F) K) OH N) OH P) G) OH D) HO H) L) M) HO Q) R) CI Aarrow_forwardIn the table below, the exact chemical structures for Methyl salicylate can be represented by the letter WRITE THE CORRECT LETTER ONLY DO NOT WRITE EXTRA WORDS OR PHRASES CI B) A) E) Cl racemic F) J) CI K) N) OH P) Pool of Reagents for Part B OH OH G) L) OH D) HO H) M) HO Q) R) CIarrow_forward
- Draw the stepwise mechanism for the reactionsarrow_forwardPart I. a) Draw reaction mechanism for the transformations of benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinaco lone b) Pinacol (2,3-dimethyl, 1-3-butanediol) on treatment w/ acid gives a mixture of pina colone (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone) and 2, 3-dimethyl - 1,3-butadiene. Give reasonable mechanism the formation of the products Forarrow_forward3. The explosive decomposition of 2 mole of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is shown below: Assume the C(s) is soot-basically atomic carbon (although it isn't actually atomic carbon in real life). 2 CH3 H NO2 NO2 3N2 (g)+7CO (g) + 5H₂O (g) + 7C (s) H a. Use bond dissociation energies to calculate how much AU is for this reaction in kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- Part I. Draw reaction mechanism for the transformations of benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinaco lone and answer the ff: Pinacol (2,3-dimethyl, 1-3-butanediol) on treatment w/ acid gives a mixture of pina colone and (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone) 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Give reasonable mechanism the formation of the products Forarrow_forwardShow the mechanism for these reactionsarrow_forwardDraw the stepwise mechanismarrow_forward
- Draw a structural formula of the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with each reagent. (a) H₂O (one equivalent), H₂SO₄, heat (b) H₂O (excess), H₂SO₄, heat (c) NaOH, H₂O, heat (d) LiAlH4, then H₂Oarrow_forwardDraw the stepwise mechanism for the reactionsarrow_forwardDraw stepwise mechanismarrow_forward
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning