General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511245
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.7, Problem 4.22P
Use electronegativity values to classify the bond(s) in each compound as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic.
- HF
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Place the bonds in order of increasing polar character. Place the bond with the least polar character at the top and the bond with the most polar character at the bottom.
On the basis of the electronegativity values given in Fig. 12.3, indicate whether each of the following bonds would be expected to be ionic, covalent, or polar covalent.
O—O
Al—O
B—O
Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.
Atom Electronegativity
2.5
2.5
I
2.5
Cl
3.0
Te
2.1
Clear All
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
S-CI
ionic
C-Te
Chapter 4 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how a hydrogen...Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how two chlorine...Ch. 4.1 - How many covalent bonds are predicted for each...Ch. 4.1 - Fill in the lone pairs on each atom to give every...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4.1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each covalent molecule....Ch. 4.1 - Draw a Lewis structure for dimethyl ether (C2H6O)...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.10P
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4.4 - Draw resonance structures for each polyatomic...Ch. 4.4 - Nitrous oxide, N2O, is a sweet-smelling gas...Ch. 4.5 - Name each compound: (a) CS2; (b) SO2; (c) PCl5;...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4.5 - What is the shape around the indicated atom in...Ch. 4.6 - NaNH2, sodium amid, is a salt that contains a...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4.7 - Using the trends in the periodic table, rank the...Ch. 4.7 - Use electronegativity values to classify the...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - For each pair of compounds, classify the bonding...Ch. 4 - For each pair of compounds, classify the bonding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - How many bonds and lone pairs are typically...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Fill in the lone pairs needed to give the main...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Convert the 3-D model of the general anesthetic...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each molecule. Hl...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each molecule....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for phosgene, CCl2O ,...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each ion: (a)...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each ion: (a)...Ch. 4 - Keeping in mind that some elements violate the...Ch. 4 - Keeping in mind that some elements violate the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Label each pair of compounds are resonance...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.51PCh. 4 - Draw three resonance structures for the nitrate...Ch. 4 - Name each covalent compound. PBr3 SO3 NCl3 P2S5Ch. 4 - Name each covalent compound. SF6 CBr4 N2O P4O10Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Add lone pairs where needed to give octets and...Ch. 4 - Add lone pairs where needed to give octets and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4 - Match each compound with one of the molecular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Add lone pairs where needed to give octets and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.63PCh. 4 - Considering each of the given ball-and stick...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Predict the bond angles around the indicated atoms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - Rank the atoms in each group in order of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Using electronegativity values, classify the bond...Ch. 4 - Label the bond formed between carbon and each of...Ch. 4 - Label the bond formed between fluroine and each of...Ch. 4 - Which bond in each pair is more polar-that is, has...Ch. 4 - Which bond in each pair is more polar-that is, has...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - Label the polar bonds and then decide if each...Ch. 4 - Label the polar bonds and then decide if each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.83PCh. 4 - Explain why H2O is a polar molecule but H2S is...Ch. 4 - Convert each ball-and-stick model to a Lewis...Ch. 4 - Convert each ball-and-stick model to a Lewis...Ch. 4 - Answer the following questions about the molecule...Ch. 4 - Answer the following question about the molecule...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.89PCh. 4 - Lactic acid gives sour milk its distinctive taste....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.91PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.92PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.93PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.94PCh. 4 - Isobutyl cyanoacrylate is used in medical glues to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.96PCh. 4 - Cyclopropane is a stable compound that contains...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.98CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.99CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.100CP
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- • define electronegativity and state how electronegativity varies with position in the periodic table.arrow_forwardUsing the symbols and +, indicate the direction of polarity in each polar covalent bond. (a) CN (b) NO (c) CClarrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures to illustrate the covalent bonding in the following diatomic molecules. a. Cl2 b. HCl c. BrCl d. ClFarrow_forward
- A polyatomic ion is composed of C, N, and an unknown element X. The skeletal Lewis structure of this polyatomic ion is [XCN]. The ion X2 has an electron configuration of [Ar]4s23d104p6. What is element X? Knowing the identity of X, complete the Lewis structure of the polyatomic ion, including all important resonance structures.arrow_forwardWhich statements are true about electronegativity? (a) Electronegativity increases from left to right in a period of the Periodic Table. (b) Electronegativity increases from top to bottom in a column of the Periodic Table. (c) Hydrogen, the element with the lowest atomic number, has the smallest electronegativity. (d) The higher the atomic number of an element, the greater its electronegativity.arrow_forwardMany monatomic ions are found in seawater, including the ions formed from the following list of elements. Write the Lewis symbols for the monatomic ions formed from the following elements: (a) Cl (b) Na (c) Mg (d) Ca (e) K (f) Br (g) Sr (h) Farrow_forward
- Draw Lewis structures showing all valence electrons for these molecules. (a) C2H6 (b) CS2 (c) HCNarrow_forwardEach compound contains both ions and covalent bonds. Draw the Lewis structure for each compound. Show with dashes which are covalent bonds and show with charges which are ions. (a) Sodium methoxide, CH3ONa (b) Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl (c) Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3 (d) Sodium borohydride, NaBH4 (e) Lithium aluminum hydride, LiAlH4arrow_forwardClassify each of the following bonds as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic on the basis of electronegativity differences. a. ClF b. PH c. CH d. CaOarrow_forward
- Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl fluoride, FNO. Using only a periodic table, identify (a) which is the longer bond. (b) which is the stronger bond. (c) which is the more polar bond.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for the following molecules or polyatomic ions. a. SO3 b. SO32arrow_forwardFor each pair of bonds, indicate the more polar bond, and use an arrow to show the direction of polarity in each bond. (a) C O and C N (b) P Br and P Cl (c) B O and B S (d) B F and B Iarrow_forward
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