The assigning of configuration of each asymmetric center as R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side for D-glucose has to be checked. Concept introduction: Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups. The stereo-descriptor for other carbohydrates of having more than one chiral center will be evaluated by the location of –OH group (right or left) of farthest chiral carbon from the carbonyl group . Such as, If the –OH group is located in right side then, the carbohydrate is a D-sugar . If the –OH group is located in left side then, the carbohydrate is a L-sugar . Configuration of a molecule: The configurations of a molecule arise due to the spatial arrangement of atoms. The configuration can be assigned by following CIP rules as follows. Assign numbering to the groups which are bonded to the chiral carbon based on the molecular weight and electronegativity. If the sequence of the numbering follows clockwise direction the chiral atom is assigned as R configuration . If the sequence of the numbering follows anticlockwise direction the chiral atom is assigned as S configuration. If the least priority group is on horizontal line in the fisher projection, then configuration is inverted to the obtained configuration from the above CIP rule which means R configuration becomes S and vice versa.

Question

Give reason(s) for six from the followings [using equations if possible] a. Addition of sodium carbonate to sulfanilic acid in the Methyl Orange preparation. b. What happened if the diazotization reaction gets warmed up by mistake. c. Addition of sodium nitrite in acidified solution in MO preparation through the diazotization d. Using sodium dithionite dihydrate in the second step for Luminol preparation. e. In nitroaniline preparation, addition of the acid mixture (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) to the product of step I. f. What is the main reason of the acylation step in nitroaniline preparation g. Heating under reflux. h. Fusion of an organic compound with sodium. HAND WRITTEN PLEASE

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 101P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The assigning of configuration of each asymmetric center as R if –OH group is on the right and the configuration is S if the –OH is group in on left side for D-glucose has to be checked.

Concept introduction:

Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to a compound if any atom is bonded to four different groups.

The stereo-descriptor for other carbohydrates of having more than one chiral center will be evaluated by the location of –OH group (right or left) of farthest chiral carbon from the carbonyl group. Such as,

If the –OH group is located in right side then, the carbohydrate is a D-sugar.

If the –OH group is located in left side then, the carbohydrate is a L-sugar.

Configuration of a molecule: The configurations of a molecule arise due to the spatial arrangement of atoms. The configuration can be assigned by following CIP rules as follows.

Assign numbering to the groups which are bonded to the chiral carbon based on the molecular weight and electronegativity.

If the sequence of the numbering follows clockwise direction the chiral atom is assigned as R configuration.

If the sequence of the numbering follows anticlockwise direction the chiral atom is assigned as S configuration.

If the least priority group is on horizontal line in the fisher projection, then configuration is inverted to the obtained configuration from the above CIP rule which means R configuration becomes S and vice versa.

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