General Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809261
Author: John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Question
Chapter 3.8, Problem 3.20P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The loss or gain of electrons of group
Concept introduction:
Octet rule:
Elements in main group tends to attain eight electrons in valance shell when it undergoes
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1) How does the octet rule explain the formation of a chloride ion?
a) What noble gas is isoelectronic with the chloride ion?
b) Why are Group 17 (7A) elements found in many compounds but not group 18 (8A) elements?
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Using the information provided in the equations and constants sheet, calculate the energy fc
the following reaction.
Note: You will need to make the Lewis structures for each to identify the bonds which are
broken and formed
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N2 (g) + 3 Cl2 (g) →2 NCl3 (g)
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Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1PCh. 3.1 - Which of the following drawings is most likely to...Ch. 3.2 - Give systematic names for the following compounds:...Ch. 3.2 - Write formulas for the following compounds: (a)...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.5CPCh. 3.2 - Give systematic names for the following compounds:...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.7PCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.8CPCh. 3.3 - Predict the ground-state electron configuration...Ch. 3.3 - What doubly positive ion has the following...
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.11PCh. 3.4 - which of the following spheres represents a K+...Ch. 3.5 - Using the periodic table as your guide, predict...Ch. 3.6 - (a) Which has the larger third ionization energy,...Ch. 3.6 - Three atoms have the following electron...Ch. 3.6 - Order the indicated three elements according to...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.17PCh. 3.7 - Which of the indicated three elements has the...Ch. 3.8 - What noble-gas configurations are the following...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.20PCh. 3.9 - Calculate the net energy change in kilojoules per...Ch. 3.10 - Which substance in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 3.10 - One of the following pictures represents NaCl and...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 3.24PCh. 3.11 - Complete the following equations so that the same...Ch. 3.12 - Prob. 3.26PCh. 3.12 - Prob. 3.27PCh. 3.14 - Prob. 3.28PCh. 3 - In the following drawings, red spheres represent...Ch. 3 - Which of the following drawings is more likely to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.31CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.32CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.33CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.34CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37CPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.38SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.39SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.40SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.41SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.42SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.43SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.44SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.45SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.46SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.47SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.48SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.49SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.50SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.51SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.52SPCh. 3 - What is the identity of the element X in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.54SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.55SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.56SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.57SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.58SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.59SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.60SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.61SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.62SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.63SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.64SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.65SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.66SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.67SPCh. 3 - Which element in each of the following sets has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.69SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.70SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.71SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.72SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.73SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.74SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.75SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.76SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.77SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.78SPCh. 3 - Order the following compounds according to their...Ch. 3 - Calculate the energy change in kilojoules per mole...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.81SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.82SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.83SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.84SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.85SPCh. 3 - Calculate the overall energy change in kilojoules...Ch. 3 - The estimated lattice energy for CsF2(s) is +2347...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.88SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.89SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.90SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.91SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.92SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.93SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.94SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.95SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.96SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.97SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.98SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.99SPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.100CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.101CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.102CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.103CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.104CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.105CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.106CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.107CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.108CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.109CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.110CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.111CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.112CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.113CHPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.114CHPCh. 3 - Given the following information, construct a...Ch. 3 - Given the following information, construct a...Ch. 3 - Consider the electronic structure of the element...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.118MPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.119MP
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- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardWhy do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than cations?arrow_forwardn your own words, what is meant by the term electronegativity? What are the trends across and down the periodic table for electronegativity? Explain them, and describe how they are consistent with trends of ionization energy and atomic radii.arrow_forward
- Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forwardhat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed as the molecules in a beaker of cold water? Explain? What is heat? Is heat the same as temperature?arrow_forwardExplain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in terms of relative bond enthalpies.arrow_forward
- Consider the reactions of silver metal, Ag(s), with each of the halogens: fluorine, F2(g), chlorine, Cl2(g), and bromine, Br2(l). What chapter data could you use to decide which reaction is most exothermic? Which reaction is that?arrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forwardWhat is the molecular structure of the stable form of FNO2? (N is the central atom.)arrow_forward
- Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd?arrow_forwardAluminum(IV) iodide (AII_(4)) cannot be formed. Explain why this is the case by making reference to the energies involved in formation of this compound.arrow_forwardUse the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KF. [The heat of sublimation of K is 91.6 kJ·mol−1 and ΔfH(KF) = −567.3 kJ·mol−1. Bond enthalpy for F2 is 158.8 kJ·mol−1. Other data may be found in the Ionization Energies Table and the Electron Affinities Table.]arrow_forward
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