EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.7, Problem 1MQ
- How much free energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP + Pi or when AMP is converted to adenosine and Pi?
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Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP,calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate ∆G for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions.The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration.
How many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG) in a neuron?
Consider the typical beta oxidation of linoleic acid (C18:2 ^Δ9, 12):
How many ATP are generated in complete oxidation of linoleic acid?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 3.1 - Which four chemical elements make up the bulk of a...Ch. 3.1 - Which two classes of macromolecules contain most...Ch. 3.1 - Differentiate between trace metals and growth...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.2 - Compare and contrast simple transporters, the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.2 - Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 3.4 - What is free energy?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.4 - Using Table 3.2, calculate G0 for the reaction...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.7 - How much free energy is released when ATP is...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.8 - Which reactions in glycolysis are redox steps?Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.8 - How is ATP made in fermentation and in...Ch. 3.9 - How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are...Ch. 3.9 - What two major roles do the citric acid cycle and...Ch. 3.9 - Why is the glyoxylate cycle necessary for growth...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.10 - Which electron carriers described in this section...Ch. 3.10 - List some of the key electron carriers found in...Ch. 3.11 - How do electron transport reactions generate the...Ch. 3.11 - How much energy is released per NADH oxidized...Ch. 3.11 - What structure in the cell links the proton motive...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.12 - What is the major difference between aerobic...Ch. 3.13 - What form of activated glucose is used in the...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.13 - What functions does the pentose phosphate pathway...Ch. 3.13 - What is the importance of the enzyme...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.14 - List the steps required for the cell to...Ch. 3.14 - Which nitrogen bases are purines and which are...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.15 - Describe the process by which a fatty acid such as...Ch. 3 - Using the data of Figure 3.10, predict the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2AQ
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- The effect of ATP on the allosteric enzyme PFK-1 is shown below. For a given concentration of fructose 6-phosphate, the PFK-1 activity increases with increasing concentrations of ATP, but a point is reached beyond which increasing the concentration of ATP inhibits the enzyme. (a) Explain how ATP can be both a substrate and an inhibitor of PFK-1. How is the enzyme regulated by ATP? (b) In what ways is glycolysis regulated by ATP levels? (c) The inhibition of PFK-1 by ATP is diminished when the ADP concentration is high, as shown in the illustration. How can this observation be explained? *A graph is included for this question*arrow_forwardDecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Calculate the net ATP yield when decylic acid undergoes complete B oxidation. The formula of decylic acid is shown below: (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP.) O 50 ATP O 52 ATP 66 ATP OH O 64 ATParrow_forwardDicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) is a reagent that reacts with Asp or Glu residues. Explain why the reaction of DCCD with the c subunits of F1F0-ATP ase blocks its ATP-synthesizing activity.arrow_forward
- If intracellular [ATP] = 5 mM, [ADP] = 0.5 mM, and [Pi] = 1.0 mM, calculate the concentration of AMP at pH 7 and 25°C under the condition that the adenylate kinase reaction is at equilibrium.arrow_forwardWhy does CTP favor the T state while ATP favors the R state? (in reference to CTPase).arrow_forward20.12 Classify the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions: |3| a. CH3-C-COO + CO2 + ATP OOC-CH2-C-COO + ADP + P; + H b. CH3-CH2-OH + NAD* CH3-C-H + NADH + H*arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about de novo purine synthesis is true? (A) Purine nucleotides are formed by separately synthesizing the phosphorylated ribose and the purine ring and then joining them together.(B) GMP is formed first and is used as a precursor to form AMP.(C) The synthesis of AMP from inosinate is driven forward by ATP hydrolysis. (D) GMP synthetase uses NADPH and glutamine to modify the inosinate ring to form GMP.(E) Replacement of the C-1 PPi on PRPP with an amine is required to construct the purine ring on the ribose sugar.arrow_forwardHow many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred into the matrix via the malate–aspartate shuttle?arrow_forwardWhy is the overall coupled reaction exergonic?arrow_forward
- Explain why the coupled reaction ATP → ADP + Pi in the P-class ion pump mechanism does not involve direct hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond.arrow_forwardWhat would be the metabolic consequences and symptoms of having a mutated form of phosphofructokinase-1 in muscle that is no longer allosterically regulated by [H+]? Speculate on how a patient with this mutation could deal with this.arrow_forwardThe conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is an endergonic reaction (eql below). The second equation below is an exergonic reaction that can occur in all cells. Considering this information, how can the reaction in equation 3 proceed? EQ1: Glucose + Pj --> glucose 6-phosphate EQ2: ATP + H20 --> ADP + Pj EQ3: Glucose + ATP --> glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Select one: a. The energy required to make Eq3 spontaneous is provided by the enzyme catalyzing the reaction b. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy consumed in equation 2 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. c. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG positive and the reaction spontaneous. d. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. e. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy…arrow_forward
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