EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.4, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Energy is nothing but ability to do work and is measured in kilojoules (KJ) unit. All
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The Keq (25C) of the reaction below is 635.67.
Fructose 1,6-biphosphate <-->fructose -6-phosphate + Pi.
a) What is the standard Gibbs free energy change for this reaction?
b) if the concentrationof fructose 1,6 biphosphate is adjusted to 0.85 M and that of fructose 6 phosphate and phosphate adjusted to 0.055 M, what is the actual free energy change
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction glucose-1-phosphate + H2O → glucose + H2PO4− at pH 7.0 and 25°C (ΔG°′ = −20.9 kJ · mol−1).
When grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then reduces acetaldehyde to
Pethanol using electrons from NADH.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) to ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
The table provides the standard reduction potential, E', of the relevant half-reactions.
Half-reaction
Acetaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2e¯ → ethanol
NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e¯ → NADH + H+
E'° (V)
-.197
-.320
Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, at 25.0 °C for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol.
K'e
×10
=
eq
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 3.1 - Which four chemical elements make up the bulk of a...Ch. 3.1 - Which two classes of macromolecules contain most...Ch. 3.1 - Differentiate between trace metals and growth...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.2 - Compare and contrast simple transporters, the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.2 - Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 3.4 - What is free energy?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.4 - Using Table 3.2, calculate G0 for the reaction...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.7 - How much free energy is released when ATP is...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.8 - Which reactions in glycolysis are redox steps?Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.8 - How is ATP made in fermentation and in...Ch. 3.9 - How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are...Ch. 3.9 - What two major roles do the citric acid cycle and...Ch. 3.9 - Why is the glyoxylate cycle necessary for growth...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.10 - Which electron carriers described in this section...Ch. 3.10 - List some of the key electron carriers found in...Ch. 3.11 - How do electron transport reactions generate the...Ch. 3.11 - How much energy is released per NADH oxidized...Ch. 3.11 - What structure in the cell links the proton motive...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.12 - What is the major difference between aerobic...Ch. 3.13 - What form of activated glucose is used in the...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.13 - What functions does the pentose phosphate pathway...Ch. 3.13 - What is the importance of the enzyme...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.14 - List the steps required for the cell to...Ch. 3.14 - Which nitrogen bases are purines and which are...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.15 - Describe the process by which a fatty acid such as...Ch. 3 - Using the data of Figure 3.10, predict the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2AQ
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Similar questions
- The standard free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase is -7.1 kJ/mol. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Calculate AG at 37°C when the concentration of glucose-1-phosphate is 1-mM and the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate is 25-mM. Is the reaction spontaneous under these conditions? HOCH, -20;POCH, H H H H H H ОН Н НО ОН Н H НО ОН H ОН H. ОН Glucose-l-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardPlease explain part barrow_forwardA) Calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the following reaction: Fructose diphosphate If the reaction is performed at 27°C and AH is 1,246 calories and AS is 4 calories/K. Is this a spontaneous or non-spontaneous reaction. Why? Is the reaction endergonic or exergonic? DHAP+ Glyceraldehyde phosphatearrow_forward
- Calculate the Keq (report up to two decimal places and do not use scientific notation) for the net reaction at 298.15K. (see attached image) Note: R = 1.98 x 10 -3 kcal/mol-Karrow_forwardPlease balance the reaction below. Considering the pe0 of Pb2+/Pb0 and O2/H2O are -2.13 and 14.5, respectively, will the oxidation of Pb0 by oxygen occur under conditions: pH 8, [Pb2+] = 5x10-8 M, [O2(aq)] = 2.5x10-4 M? Pb0 + O2 + H+ → Pb2+ + H2Oarrow_forwardGiven that the AG" values for the hydrolysis of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate are approximately -21 kJ/mol and –14 kJ/mol, respectively, which statement is true regarding the isomerization shown? glucose 1-phosphate → glucose 6-phosphate O The reaction can likely proceed in either direction and will therefore depend on the concentrations of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. O Only the anabolic direction will occur because the free energy change is positive. O The reaction will proceed in both directions simultaneously. This reaction can only proceed in one direction and must be the rate limiting reaction for this point in metabolism.arrow_forward
- Write a balanced equation for cach of the following reactions or reaction sequences. (a) The reaction catalyzed by PFK-2 (b) The conversion of 2 moles of oxaloacetate to glucose (c) The conversion of glucose to UDP-Gle (d) The conversion of 2 moles of glycerol to glucose (e) The conversion of 2 moles of malate to glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardThe standard reduction potentials for some important cellular compounds are shown below. Half-Reaction go' (V) O₂+ 2H + 2 e H₂O 0.815 Cytochrome a3 (Fe3+) + e¯ = cytochrome a3 (Fe2+) 0.385 Cytochrome a (Fe3+)+ e cytochrome a (Fe2+) 0.29 Cytochrome c (Fe3+)+ e cytochrome c (Fe2+) 0.235 Cytochrome c₁ (Fe3+) + e cytochrome c₁ (Fe2+) 0.22 Cytochrome b (Fe3+) + e cytochrome b (Fe2+) 0.077 Ubiquinone +2 H+ + 2e ubiquinol 0.045 Fumarate + 2H + 2 e succinate 0.031 FAD +2 H+ + 2e FADH2 (in flavoproteins) ~0. NAD+H+2 e NADH -0.315 NADP+ + H+ + 2 e¯ = NADPH -0.320 Based on this information, you can conclude that reduction is most favorable for NADH Oxygen Cytochrome C H+arrow_forwardThe standard free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase is -7.1kJ/mol, (a) calculate ΔG at 37°C when the concentration of glucose-1-phosphate is 1-mM and the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate is 25-mM, (b) Is the reaction spontaneous under these conditions?arrow_forward
- Calculate the standard free energy change (ΔG°′) for the following reaction: ½ O2 + FADH2 → H2O + FADarrow_forwardAssume that you have a solution of 0.1 M glucose 6-phosphate. To this solution you add the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, which catalyzes the reaction: glucose-6-P ⇔ glucose-1-P ∆G°′ = +1.7 kJ/mol (a) Does this reaction proceed at all as written at 25 °C, and if so, what are the final concentrations of glucose 6-P and glucose 1-P? (b) What effect would omitting the enzyme have on the reaction. Be specific. (c) Under what cellular conditions, if any, would this reaction continuously produce glucose 1-P at a high rate?arrow_forwardMost glucose in the human diet comes from plants. Unlike humans, plants transport sucrose instead of glucose. The conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose is a reversible reaction as shown in Reaction 25.1: Reaction 25.1 Sucrose (aq) + H2O (l) ⇄ Glucose (aq) + Fructose (aq) Under conditions typical of human metabolism, the Keq for Reaction 25.1 is 140,000. At equilibrium, would you expect more of the reactant sucrose or more of the products glucose and fructose to be present? Explain reasoning.arrow_forward
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