Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 33.3, Problem 1.5RIA
Summary Introduction
The complement system is made up of a huge number of serum proteins which plays a defensive immune response in mammals. Three pathways of complement activation are there, namely, the lectin, alternative, and classical pathways. The proteins that are involved in the complement activation is referred to as complement proteins. These proteins are involved in the lysis of cell membrane, augmenting phagocytosis, and promoting inflammation.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein that facilitates their insertion into the cell membrane of a pathogen?
The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses?
C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure.
Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure.
C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface.
C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue.
C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
What are the roles of the following cytokines in defense against infections:
1) TNF
2) IL-12
3) Type I Interferon
Chapter 33 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 1RIACh. 33.1 - Compare and contrast the adaptive and innate...Ch. 33.2 - Why is the skin such a good first line of defense...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 2RIACh. 33.2 - Prob. 3RIACh. 33.3 - What strategies could a Gram-negative bacterium...Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1.1RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 1.4RIA
Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1.5RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 2.1RIACh. 33.3 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 33.3 - How might acute-phase reactants assist in pathogen...Ch. 33.4 - For what does the dendritic cell use its cellular...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 2MICh. 33.4 - Describe the structure and function of each of the...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 33.4 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 33.4 - What is a plasma cell?Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 33.4 - Discuss the role of NK cells in protecting the...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 3.1RIACh. 33.4 - Injury to the spleen can lead to its removal. What...Ch. 33.4 - Describe SALT and MALT functions in innate...Ch. 33.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 33.5 - Prob. 2RIACh. 33.5 - How do macrophages and dendritic cells become...Ch. 33.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 33.6 - Prob. 1RIACh. 33.6 - How does chronic inflammation differ from acute...Ch. 33 - Some pathogens invade cells; others invade tissue...Ch. 33 - How might the various antimicrobial chemical...Ch. 33 - How might a scientist use selective gene knockouts...Ch. 33 - Conservation of resources is a common theme in...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following complement components are generated during the classical pathway and bind independently to the membrane surface promoting immune adherence and opsonizing effects? C3b O C3d O C1q O C2arrow_forwardSplitting the complement protein (C3) into C3a and C3b as a result of contact with the Fc region of antibodies coating a bacterium illustrates the onset of which of the following ? Choose from the following: (A) classical pathway of complement activation (B) alternate pathway of complement activationarrow_forwardWhich two types of immune cells can viruses avoid if they present “fake” MHC class I molecules when infecting a cell?arrow_forward
- What is the relationship and differences between receptor-mediated endocytosis and TLR in relation to innate immunity?arrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.arrow_forwardWhich of the following component is the first involved in the classical complement activation pathway? Explain your answer. a) MASP-2 b) C1q c) Bb d) MACarrow_forward
- Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. ( select all the correct answers) Group of answer choices a) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. b) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell c) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. d) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. e) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forwardWhich of the following proteins downregulates the classical complement cascade by breaking up the C3 convertase into individual C4b and C2a units? O Protectin (CD59) O Lectin O C1 Esterase Inhibitor O Decay Accelerating Factor (CD55) O MASParrow_forwardSelect all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. a) Group of answer choices b) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. c) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell d) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. e) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. f) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forward
- Opsonization of pathogens by both antibodies and complement proteins (C3b) leads to uptake and destruction of the pathogen by phagocytic cells that express both Fc receptors and complement receptors. Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?arrow_forwardHow could immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between foreign antigens and host cell antigens result in damage to the host?arrow_forwardComplement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and darrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
7 Freudian Defence Mechanisms Explained; Author: Lewis Psychology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTnjJ105ze4;License: Standard youtube license