Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 6P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The given statement needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction :
In a cell, the signal is reached as a signal hormone molecule and amplified in it in order to multiply the response. In such as way, it not remains just a single molecule. This amplification is done in order to build amplification in the system.
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Recently, a Gα q-coupled receptor was discovered that mediates at least some of the many activities of estrogen. At the time, this discovery generated considerable controversy, as it ran counter to what was then the understanding of how steroid hormone signaling worked. Which of the following observations might have led the investigators to suspect the existence of this newly discovered receptor?
A.
Activities of estrogen apparent less than 1 minute after application of the hormone
B.
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C.
The presence of estrogen nuclear receptors in cells not previously known to respond to the hormone
D.
Estrogen is found in much higher concentrations in adult women than adult men
E.
Uptake of estrogen by target cells
Trace the sequence of events in signal transduction for each of the following second messengers: cyclic AMP, inositol trisphosphate (IP3 ), diacylglycerol (DAG), and calcium ions.
In a hypothetical cAMP-mediated signal transduction cascade, the GTP-αs/adenylate cyclase interaction following a single hormone–receptor binding event lasts for 2.3 seconds. The catalytic rate (turnover number) for the adenylate cyclase in question is 350 cAMP molecules produced per second. How many cAMP molecules would be produced if five hormone-receptor binding events were to occur before the hormone molecule dissipates in the bloodstream? What is the amplification effect of this step in the signaling pathway?
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