Chapter 3, Problem 70GQ

Give the formula for each of the following compounds:

(a) a soluble compound containing the acetate ion

(b) an insoluble sulfide

(c) a soluble hydroxide

(d) an insoluble chloride

(e) a strong Brønsted base

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula for the given compound should be given.

Concept introduction:

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{,}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{ and }\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble. But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ insoluble.

Salts of F^- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ are insoluble.

Salts of $\text{sulfate }\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are soluble.  But sulfates of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}$ are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and $\text{BaS}$ are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.

Bronsted acid: An acid donates (loses)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Bronsted Base: A base accepts (gains)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Answer to Problem 70GQ

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONa, CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOK, CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONH}}_{\text{4}}$ is soluble acetate ion.

Explanation of Solution

The soluble compound contains acetate ion is shown below

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONa, CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOK, CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONH}}_{\text{4}}$ are soluble because, almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{,}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula for the given compound should be given.

Concept introduction:

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{,}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{ and }\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble. But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ insoluble.

Salts of F^- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ are insoluble.

Salts of $\text{sulfate }\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are soluble.  But sulfates of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}$ are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and $\text{BaS}$ are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.

Bronsted acid: An acid donates (loses)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Bronsted Base: A base accepts (gains)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Answer to Problem 70GQ

$\text{MnS, CdS}$ and transition metal sulfides.

Explanation of Solution

The insoluble sulfides are $\text{MnS, CdS}$ and transition metal sulfides, because Most of the salts of $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula for the given compound should be given.

Concept introduction:

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{,}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{ and }\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble. But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ insoluble.

Salts of F^- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ are insoluble.

Salts of $\text{sulfate }\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are soluble.  But sulfates of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}$ are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and $\text{BaS}$ are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.

Bronsted acid: An acid donates (loses)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Bronsted Base: A base accepts (gains)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Answer to Problem 70GQ

The soluble hydroxides are $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

Explanation of Solution

The soluble hydroxides are $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$, because most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula for the given compound should be given.

Concept introduction:

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{,}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{ and }\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble. But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ insoluble.

Salts of F^- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ are insoluble.

Salts of $\text{sulfate }\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are soluble.  But sulfates of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}$ are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and $\text{BaS}$ are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.

Bronsted acid: An acid donates (loses)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Bronsted Base: A base accepts (gains)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Answer to Problem 70GQ

The insoluble chlorides are ${\text{AgCl, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ and PbCl}}_{\text{2}}$.

Explanation of Solution

The insoluble chlorides are ${\text{AgCl, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ and PbCl}}_{\text{2}}$ because, Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble.  But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ insoluble.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula for the given compound should be given.

Concept introduction:

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{,}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{ and }\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble. But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ insoluble.

Salts of F^- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ are insoluble.

Salts of $\text{sulfate }\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are soluble.  But sulfates of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}$ are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{,}\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and $\text{BaS}$ are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.

Bronsted acid: An acid donates (loses)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Bronsted Base: A base accepts (gains)${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.

Answer to Problem 70GQ

Strong Bronsted base is $\text{NaOH}$.

Explanation of Solution

Strong Bronsted base is $\text{NaOH}$, other base which accept the ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion.