Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 4P
Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.
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Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 The different cells in your body rarely havegenomes with the identical nucleotide sequence.2 In E. coli, where the replication fork travels at 500nucleotide pairs per second, the DNA ahead of the fork—in the absence of topoisomerase—would have to rotate atnearly 3000 revolutions per minute.3 In a replication bubble, the same parental DNAstrand serves as the template strand for leading-strandsynthesis in one replication fork and as the template forlagging-strand synthesis in the other fork.4 When bidirectional replication forks from adja-cent origins meet, a leading strand always runs into a lag-ging strand.5 DNA repair mechanisms all depend on the exis-tence of two copies of the genetic information, one in eachof the two homologous chromosomes
The E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long. Under optimal conditions, thechromosome is replicated in 40 minutes.(a) What is the distance traversed by one replication fork in 1 minute?(b) If replicating DNA is in the B form (10.4 base pairs per turn), how manynucleotides are incorporated in 1 minute in one replication fork?(c) If cultured human cells (such as HeLa cells) replicate 1.2 m of DNAduring a five-hour S phase and at a rate of fork movement one-tenthof that seen in E. coli, how many origins of replication must the cellscontain?(d) What is the average distance, in kilobase pairs, between these origins?
All known DNA polymerases catalyze synthesis only in the 5' → 3' direction. Nevertheless, during semiconservative DNA replication in the cell, they are able to catalyze the synthesis of both daughter chains, which would appear to require synthesis in the 3' → 5' direction on one strand. Explain the process that occurs in the cell that allows for synthesis of both daughter chains by DNA polymerase
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 28 - Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication...Ch. 28 - The Enzymatic Activities of DNA Polymerase I (a)...Ch. 28 - Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli I Assuming...Ch. 28 - Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the...Ch. 28 - Molecules of DNA Polymerase III per Cell vs....Ch. 28 - Number of Okazaki Fragments in E. coli and Human...Ch. 28 - The Roles of Helicases and Gyrases How do DNA...Ch. 28 - Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA...Ch. 28 - Heteroduplex DNA Formation in Recombination From...Ch. 28 - Homologous Recombination, Heteroduplex DNA, and...
Ch. 28 - Prob. 11PCh. 28 - Prob. 12PCh. 28 - Chemical Mutagenesis of DNA Bases Show the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 14PCh. 28 - Recombination in Immunoglobulin Genes If...Ch. 28 - Helicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome...Ch. 28 - Prob. 17PCh. 28 - Functional Consequences of Y-Family DNA Polymerase...Ch. 28 - Figure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle....Ch. 28 - Figure 28.41 gives some examples of recombination...Ch. 28 - Prob. 21PCh. 28 - Prob. 22P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli I Assuming DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 750 base pairs per second, calculate how long it will take to replicate the entire E. coli genome. Under optimal conditions, E. coli cells divide every 20 minutes. What is the minimal number of replication forks per E. coli chromosome in order to sustain such a rate of cell division?arrow_forwardNumber of Okazaki Fragments in E. coli and Human DNA Replication Approximately how many Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the course of replicating an E. coli chromosome? How many in replicating an “average� human chromosome?arrow_forward5.64 x 10^6 base pairs Short questionsarrow_forward
- Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?arrow_forwardExplain the events taking place at the replication fork. If the gene for helicase is mutated, what part of replication will be affected?arrow_forwardHelicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome Hexameric helicases, such as DnaB, the MCM proteins, and papilloma virus El helicase (illustrated in Figures 16.22 to 16.25), unwind DNA by passing one strand of the DNA duplex through the central pore, using a mechanism based on ATP-dependent binding interactions with the bases of that strand. The genome of E. coli K12 consists of 4,686,137 nucleotides. Assuming that DnaB functions like papilloma virus El helicase, from the information given in Chapter 16 on ATP-coupled DNA unwinding, calculate how many molecules of ATP would be needed to completely unwind the E. coli K 12 chromosome.arrow_forward
- Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication If 15N-Iabeled E. coli DNA has a density of 1.724 g/mL, 14N-labeled DNA has a density of 1.710 g/mL, and E. coli cells grown for many generations on 14NH4+as a nitrogen source are transferred to media containing 15NH4+as the sole N-source, (a) What will be the density of the DNA after one generation, assuming replication is semiconservative? (b) Suppose replication took place by a conservative mechanism in which the parental strands remained together and the two progeny strands were paired. Design an experiment that could distinguish between semiconservative and conservative modes of replication.arrow_forwardExplain in your own words why DNA replication is said to be semiconservative?arrow_forwardA mixture of four a-[32P]–labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates was added to permeabilized bacterial cells undergoing DNA replication in the presence of an RNA polymerase inhibitor, and incorporation into high-molecular-weight material was followed over time, as shown in the accompanying graph. After 10 minutes of incubation, a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled ribonucleoside triphosphates was added, with the results shown in the graph. (a) Why was the excess of unlabeled rNTPs added?(b) How could you tell that radioactivity is being incorporated as ribonucleotides rather than as an alternative such as reduction to deoxyribonucleotides, followed by incorporation?(c) What does this experiment tell you about the process of DNA replication?arrow_forward
- A mixture of four a-[32P]–labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates was added to permeabilized bacterial cells undergoing DNA replication in the presence of an RNA polymerase inhibitor, and incorporation into high-molecular-weight material was followed over time, as shown in the accompanying graph. After 10 minutes of incubation, a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled ribonucleoside triphosphates was added, with the results shown in the graph. Incorporation of radioactivity, cpm Excess (a) Why was the excess of unlabeled rNTPs added?(b) How could you tell that radioactivity is being incorporated as ribonucleotides rather than as an alternative such as reduction to deoxyribonucleotides, followed by incorporation?(c) What does this experiment tell you about the process of DNA replication?arrow_forwardMatching Type Choose the directionality of the given process. (4 points) What is the directionality of the given process? * 4 points 3'-5' 5'-3' Exonuclease activity Complementary strand of the continuous strand Addition of nucleotides going to the replication fork Addition of nucleotides away from the replication forkarrow_forwardA mixture of four a-[*p]-labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates was added to permeabilized bacterial cells undergoing DNA replication in the presence of an RNA polymerase inhibitor, and incorporation into high-molecular- weight material was followed over time, as shown in the accompanying graph. After 10 minutes of incubation, a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled ribo- nucleoside triphosphates was added, with the results shown in the graph.arrow_forward
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