Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
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Author: SMITH
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Chapter 28, Problem 28.28P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The structures of
Concept introduction: Kiliani–Fischer synthesis is a method which is used for the elongation of the carbon chain in aldoses. In this method, the aldose chain is elongated by the formation of new stereogenic centre at
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.1PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.2PCh. 28 - Label each stereogenic center as R or S. a. b. c....Ch. 28 - Convert the ball-and-stick model to a Fischer...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.5PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.6PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.7PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.8PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.9PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.10P
Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.11PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.12PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.13PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.14PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.15PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.16PCh. 28 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.18PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.19PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.20PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.21PCh. 28 - Draw the products formed when D-arabinose is...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.23PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.24PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.25PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.26PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.27PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.28PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.29PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.30PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.31PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.32PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.33PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.34PCh. 28 - Problem-28.35
Draw the structures of the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.36PCh. 28 - 28.37 Convert each ball-and-stick model to a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.38PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.39PCh. 28 - Convert each compound to a Fischer projection and...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.41PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.42PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.43PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.44PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.45PCh. 28 - Draw both pyranose anomers of each aldohexose...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.47PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.48PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.49PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.50PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.51PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.52PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.53PCh. 28 - What products are formed when each compound is...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.55PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.56PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.57PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.58PCh. 28 - 28.58 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.60PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.61PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.62PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.63PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.64PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.65PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.66PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.67PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.68PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.69PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.70PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.71PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.72PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.73PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.74PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.75PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.76PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.77PCh. 28 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.79P
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- Sugar X is known to be a d-aldohexose. On oxidation with HNO3, X gives an optically inactive aldaric acid. WhenX is degraded to an aldopentose, oxidation of the aldopentose gives an optically active aldaric acid. Determine thestructure of Xarrow_forwardi need an answer pleaseeeearrow_forwardMonosaccharides are cyclic hemiacetals that can react with alcohols to form acetals. The bond between the anomeric carbon atom of the monosaccharide and the oxygen atom of the -OR group is called a glycosidic bond. The name of the linkage contains the designation alpha (a) or beta (B) (from the anomeric carbon in the glycosidic bond) and the carbon numbers for the carbons from the two sugars. For this example, the linkage is an a-1,4 glycosidic bond. Н НО HO اب تاب است H OH H OH -OH Н Н OH H + OH HO a anomer CH₂OH H Н H О OH H2C OH Н H Classify the glycosidic linkage in the disaccharide. Н OH Н H OH OH OH - HO Н H HO OH OH Н CH₂OH H -OH H OH он H H -OH Н OH an a glycosidic bond Н OH + H2O о о о о В-1,6 a-1,6 a-1,1 B-1,5 I DON'T KNOW YET submitarrow_forward
- C. Trehalose and maltose are both dimers of glucose. However, they have considereably different reactivities. Concisely explain why these differences are observed. HO НО НО HO Но HO OH Он HO OHOH Но trehalose maltose 1. Malthose is a reducing sugar while trehalose is not. 2. Trehalose is very resistant to acid hydrolysis while maltose can be acid-hydrolyzed with ease.arrow_forwardIn glycoside formation, the hemiacetal functional group of a cyclic monosaccharide is converted to an acetal group by reaction with a(an)arrow_forwardRaffinose is a trisaccharide (C18H32O16) isolated from cottonseed meal. Raffinose doesnot reduce Tollens reagent, and it does not mutarotate. Complete hydrolysis of raffinosegives d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-galactose. When raffinose is treated with invertase,the products are d-fructose and a reducing disaccharide called melibiose. Raffinose isunaffected by treatment with a b@galactosidase, but an a@galactosidase hydrolyzes itto d-galactose and sucrose. When raffinose is treated with dimethyl sulfate and basefollowed by hydrolysis, the products are 2,3,4-tri-O-methylglucose, 1,3,4,6-tetraO-methylfructose, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose. Determine the completestructures of raffinose and melibiose, and give a systematic name for melibiose.arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of: (a) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-mannose units in 1->4-ß-glycosidic linkages; (b) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucose units in 1->6-a-glycosidic linkages. The polysaccharide in (b) is dextran, a component of dental plaque.arrow_forwarda) The D-aldopentose A, C5H1005, reacts with HNO3 to yield an optically active aldaric acid B. Kiliani-Fischer chain extension of A produces a pair of D-aldohexoses C and D. C is converted by HNO3 to an optically active aldaric acid, but D is converted by HNO3 to an optically inactive aldaric acid. Write acyclic Fischer projections for A, B, C, D. b) Disaccharide E is a reducing sugar. It is hydrolyzed by an α-glycosidase enzyme, which means it contains an α- glycoside link. Treatment of E with Ag2O and excess Mel gives an octamethyl derivative F. Hydrolysis of F in dilute aqueous acid gives the pair of molecules shown below. Write the structures of E and F. (If the stereochemistry at a particular carbon is not determined by the above data, indicate this with a wavy line as shown below.) HO OMe OMe MeO MeO MOH OMe mOH OMe OMearrow_forwarda) The D-aldopentose A, C5H1005, reacts with HNO3 to yield an optically active aldaric acid B. Kiliani-Fischer chain extension of A produces a pair of D-aldohexoses C and D. C is converted by HNO3 to an optically active aldaric acid, but D is converted by HNO3 to an optically inactive aldaric acid. Write acyclic Fischer projections for A, B, C, D.arrow_forward
- 1) Phenyl propyl ether can be obtained by reacting? 2) Raffinose is A trisaccharide which is made up of two sugar molecules of aldoses and one sugar molecule of ketoses? True or false!arrow_forwardSugar alcohols (alditols) are formed by chemically reducing aldoses or ketoses. Which one of the following sugars will give a negative Benedict's Test? aldopentoses alditols 2- Ketopentoses an aldose undergoing mutarotation in solutionarrow_forwardSuppose you have two simple sugars, D-arabinose and L-tagatose. Both sugars cyclize and form a non-reducing disaccharide with the glycosidic bond oriented in the alpha position relative to each monosaccharide's structure. Give the full biochemical name for this disaccharide.arrow_forward
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