Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The given aldose is oxidized to optically inactive aldaric acid or not is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The
(b)
Interpretation: The given aldose is oxidized to optically inactive aldaric acid or not is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The aldehyde group and primary alcohol of aldoses oxidizes to carboxyl groups on treatment with warm
(c)
Interpretation: The given aldose is oxidized to optically inactive aldaric acid or not is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The aldehyde group and primary alcohol of aldoses oxidizes to carboxyl groups on treatment with warm
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 28 Solutions
Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
- (d) Draw the structure of the expected product when monosaccharide B undergo mutarotation upon dissolving in water in the presence of Tollens reagent (AGNO3, NHẠOH). он OH O. OH OH OH monosaccharide Barrow_forwardWhich D-aldopentoses are reduced to optically inactive alditols using NaBH,, CH;OH?arrow_forwardThe anticoagulant heparin is a polysaccharide that contains alternating residues of -D- glucuronic acid-6- sulfate and N-sulfo-D-glucosamine-6sulfate connected by (1 B 4)- glycosidic linkages. Draw a part of heparin that shows one each of the two residues.arrow_forward
- Lactose is a disaccharide in which a glycosidic linkage connects the monosaccharides galactose and glucose. OH НО OH (a) Identify the glycosidic linkage and the acetal carbon in lactose. (b) What type of glycosidic linkage does lactose have (i.e., is it 1,1'-, 1,2'-, etc., and is it a or B)? (c) People who are lactose intolerant are deficient in the enzyme lactase, and therefore cannot efficiently break down the disaccharide into its monosaccharides. When lactose is treated with aqueous acid, however, this hydrolysis can take place, though relatively slowly. Draw the complete, detailed mechanism and the products of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lactose. Но ОН НО ОН ОН Lactosearrow_forwardWhich D-aldopentoses are reduced to optically inactive alditols using NaBH4, CH3OH?arrow_forwardclassify the following monosaccharides as aldoses/ketoses, triose/tetrose/pentose/hexose/ L/D enantiomer, and a-/Banomer when applicable.arrow_forward
- Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by -glycosidic bonds. O a-1,6 O a-1,4 O a-1,2 O B-1,4 O B-1,2arrow_forward26. This compound is L-glyceraldehyde. Draw a stereochemically correct representation of C-1 and C-2 of D-glucose. CHO | HO—C—H | CH2OH 27. Categorize each of the following as an aldose, a ketose, or neither. 28. Define each in 20 words or less: (a) anomeric carbon; (b) enantiomers; (c) furanose and pyranose; (d) glycoside; (e) aldose and ketose. 29. A) Draw the structure of any aldohexose in the pyranose ring form. B) Draw the structure of the anomer of the aldohexose you drew above. C) How many asymmetric carbons (chiral centers) does each of these structures have? D) How many stereoisomers of the aldohexoses you drew are theoretically possible? 30. A) Define "reducing sugar." (b) Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose (Glc(1 → 2)Fru). Explain why sucrose is not a reducing sugar, even though both glucose and fructose are.arrow_forwardAldotetroses exist in the furanose form. Draw both anomers of D-erythrose.arrow_forward
- What aldoses are formed when the following aldoses are subjected to the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis: (a) D-threose; (b) D-ribose; (c) D-galactose?arrow_forwardWhich structures represent ketose, aldose, and alditol?arrow_forwardCellobiose, a disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of cellulose, is composed of two glucose units joined together in a 1→4-β-glycoside bond. What is the structure of cellobiose?arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning