(a) Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide . Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

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Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. CH. H₂ fo H2 H The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is HC HC HC CH The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is

Draw curved arrows for the following reaction step. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 CH3 H H-O-H +/ H3C-C+ H3C-C-0: CH3 CH3 H

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

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Answer 5

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Answer 6

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Answer 7

Chapter 28, Problem 28.55P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. Glycosidic linkages are hydrolyzed in presence of acid to form cyclic hemiacetal and corresponding alcohol.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ether groups in presence of base and alkyl halide. The carbonyl group of aldoses can be reduced to alcohol using metal hydrides.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxylic acid group in presence of bromine water to form aldonic acids. The hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides are converted into the ester groups in presence of base and acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.1P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.2P Ch. 28 - Label each stereogenic center as R or S. a. b. c....Ch. 28 - Convert the ball-and-stick model to a Fischer...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.5P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.6P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.7P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.8P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.9P Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the conversion of D-glucose into the given compound is predicted.

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Chapter 28 Solutions