Chapter 27, Problem 27.7UKC

What steps are necessary in the mapping of the human genome, as outlined by the Human Genome Project?]

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The necessary steps in mapping of the human genome, as outlined by the Human Genome Project should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Human Genome Project (HGP) is a mission to identify the full set of genetic instructions contained inside our cells and to read the complete text written in the language of the hereditary chemical DNA.

A primary goal of the HGP is to make a series of descriptive diagrams that is maps of each human chromosome at increasingly finer resolutions. The ultimate goal of genome research is to find all the genes in the DNA sequence and to develop tools for using this information in the study of human biology and medicine.

Explanation of Solution

Mapping of genetic material is a very important step in Human Genome Project (HGP) and it is based on the use of genetic techniques to construct maps showing the positions of genes and other sequence features on a genome.

Mapping the human genome involved sequencing the genomes of a small number of individuals and then assembling these together to get a complete sequence of each chromosome.

The necessary steps in mapping of the human genome, as outlined by the Human Genome Project are listed below,

1. (1) A genetic map (which shows the location of markers one million nucleotides apart) is created.
2. (2) Refining the distance between markers to $10,000$ base pairs through the physical mapping process.
3. (3) The chromosome is cleaved into large segments of overlapping clones.
4. (4) The clones are fragmented into $500$ base pieces, which are sequenced.

Conclusion

The necessary steps in mapping of the human genome, as outlined by the Human Genome Project was given.