Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The correct reason should be determined for the given statement; does a single base-pair substitution in a strand of DNA always result in a new amino acids in the protein coded for by that gene.
Concept Introduction:
A base is nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound which is found in DNA and RNA.
Gene is the biological unit of heredity which holds the information to build and maintain their cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. In cells, a gene is a portion of DNA.
Amino acids are the molecules which containing an
Amino acids are the basic structural building units of protein and other
Central dogma in molecular biology is,
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- If the following nucleotide sequence, CTC/TGT/AAG/ACC/TTT experienced a mutation resulting in the deletion of the second cytosine in the first DNA triplet so the sequence is now CT_/TGT/AAG/ACC/TTT, what would be the amino acid sequence created from this mutated DNA strand? Table of mRNA codons UUA, UUG = leucine AGG, AGA = arginine %3D CAU, CAC = histidine GUU, GÜC, GUA = valine GAA. GAG=glutamic acid GCU, GUA, GUG = alanine GAU, GAC = asparagine GGU, GGC, GGA = glycine UCA, UCU =serine CGU, CGC, CGA = argininearrow_forwardA gene contains 141 codons. How many nucleotides are present in the gene’s coding sequence? How many amino acids are expected to be present in the polypeptide encoded by this gene?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotic cells, the length of the transcribed RNA is almost equal to the corresponding DNA strand. True or false?arrow_forward
- A DNA sequence can be represented as a string of the letters ACTG (short for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine). (a) How many DNA sequences are exactly 24 letters long? (b) Given a DNA sequence of length 24, how many single letter mutations are possible? (c) Given a DNA sequence of length 24, how many double letter mutations are possible?arrow_forwardHow important and useful to the cell is the ability of the DNA to assume various forms? Why are these various forms necessary?arrow_forwardWhat three different types of mutations involve changes in a single base, and what effect can each of them have on a coding sequence? Which type is the most common? Which type has the most severe effect on the function of the encoded protein?arrow_forward
- How many adenine bases are there if there are eight thousand cytosine bases in a fifteen thousand bp DNA?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which prevent ions from moving across cell membranes. Normally there are channel proteins that allow passage of the ions, but in patients with one kind of CF these proteins seem odd. Closer examination shows that these proteins display the correct amino acid sequence. However, they fail to do their job. A) Given that the primary structure of the protein is correct, what can you infer about the DNA sequence for the gene coding this protein on this patient, is there a mutation? Explain. B) Why is the primary structure insufficient to guarantee the proper function of the protein?arrow_forwardWhat percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?arrow_forward
- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forwardIf the genetic code used 4 bases at a time, how many amino acids could be encoded?arrow_forwardAn RNA molecule has the following percentages of bases: A = 27%, U = 38%, C=20%, G = 15%. (A) Is this RNA molecule single-stranded or double stranded? How can you tell? (B) What would be the percentage of each of the bases in the template strand of the DNA that contains the gene for this RNA?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning