To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine. Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids. The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate , pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Question

If left untreated, most HIV-infected individuals will develop AIDS. Current treatments are focused on highlyactive antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART usually consists of an orally delivered drug cocktail containingtwo different reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one other drug, such as a protease inhibitor. Question: Develop a pharmacokinetic model of HAART treatment. Consider all 3 drugs. Make sure to include adiagram that illustrates your thinking, state all assumptions, and define your variables. Whatparameters would you need to know to find the concentration of drug in the plasma? In the T cells?(You do not need to write out or solve any equations.)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

If left untreated, most HIV-infected individuals will develop AIDS. Current treatments are focused on highlyactive antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART usually consists of an orally delivered drug cocktail containingtwo different reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one other drug, such as a protease inhibitor. Question: Develop a pharmacokinetic model of HAART treatment. Consider all 3 drugs. Make sure to include adiagram that illustrates your thinking, state all assumptions, and define your variables. Whatparameters would you need to know to find the concentration of drug in the plasma? In the T cells?(You do not need to write out or solve any equations.)

not use ai plesea

(A) 25 20 20 15 NPP (Mg C/ha/yr) 10 10 5 0 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 ECOLOGY 4e, Figure 20.11 (Part 1) 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Average annual precipitation (mm) 8,000

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.87EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of alanine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of serine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of cysteine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of proline.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 17

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 18

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 19

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 20

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 21

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 22

Trending now

Answer 23

This is a popular solution!

Answer 24

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 25

Ch. 26.1 - Which of the following statements about dietary...Ch. 26.1 - Dietary protein materials as they leave the...Ch. 26.1 - The inactive form of pepsin is converted to its...Ch. 26.1 - Which of the following is not a proteolytic...Ch. 26.2 - The dominant use for the amino acids of the amino...Ch. 26.2 - The most abundant amino acid in the amino acid...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 26.3 - The net effect of transamination is to collect the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein.

Concept explainers

Videos

Chapter 26 Solutions