Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined. Concept introduction: Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body. β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH 2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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b. H3C CH3 H3O+ ✓ H OH

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.79EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of two different condensation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of four distinct steps is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of thiolysis is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the occurrence of a hydrogenation reaction is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH₂ and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 25.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 25.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 25.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the occurrence of two condensation reactions is a characteristic of the ketogenesis process.

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