Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined. Concept introduction: Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.6EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “about 50% of TAGs undergo complete hydrolysis in the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “cholecystokinin is the chemical name for bile” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “most TAGs usually enter the small intestine in the form of monoacylglycerols” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use. The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the statement “chyme produced in the stomach settles to the bottom of the stomach” concerning to triacylglycerol(TAG) digestion is true or false has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary lipids. These lipid molecules undergo digestion/breakdown into simpler forms in the digestive system and are later absorbed into the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the hydrolysis products of triacylglycerols (fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed by the body cells and are either broken down into acetyl CoA or stored as lipids for future use. Fats/Lipids are a richer source of energy compared to carbohydrates. While carbohydrates provide energy for immediate use, lipids provide energy for long term or future use.

The structure of triacylglycerols is as follows:

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 25.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 25.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 25.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains that triacylglycerols are lipid molecules which constitute around 98% of the total dietary fatty acids and are later absorbed into the bloodstream.

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Chapter 25 Solutions