The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined. Concept introduction: The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH 2 are also produced in this pathway. The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows: Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows: Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 can be the same or different or can be hydrogen. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group ( OH ) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.39EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step (of steps 1 through 4) and turn (second or third) of the β-oxidation pathway in which the following compound is encountered as a reactant if the degraded fatty acid is decanoic acid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

The functional group change in the β-oxidation pathway is as follows:

Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Some examples of functional groups are as follows:

Here, R and R’ represent an alkyl group. In alkene, R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ can be the same or different or can be hydrogen.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon atoms. In secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is bonded to alkyl groups on both sides.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 17

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