(a) Interpretation: The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined. Concept introduction: The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction for the sucrose biosynthesis is to be drawn and reaction occurs with inversion or retention of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The sucrose biosynthesis is occurred by nucleophilic attack of fructose to anomeric carbon of UDP-glucose and the reaction proceeds through SN1 reaction by formation of oxygen stabilized carbocation. The stereochemistry of at anomreic carbon can be determined by the approach of attacking fructose on anomeric carbon.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.1P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.2P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.3P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.5P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.6P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.7P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.8P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.9P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.10P

(a) Interpretation: The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined. Concept introduction: The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the structure of UDP-glucose is determined from the same stereochemistry at anomeric carbon.

Concept explainers

Videos

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

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Chapter 25 Solutions

(a) Interpretation: The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined. Concept introduction: The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the structure of UDP-glucose is determined from the same stereochemistry at anomeric carbon.

Concept explainers

Videos

(a) Interpretation: The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined. Concept introduction: The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

(c) Interpretation: The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained. Concept introduction: The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 25 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of UDP-glucose is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The structure of UDP-glucose is similar to UDP-galactose only the galactose ring is replaced with glucose.

(c)

Interpretation:

The role of an arginine (Arg) residue and lysine (Lys) residue in the synthase mechanism is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The negative charge on phosphate esters can be stabilized by metal ion or the positively charged groups on the active-site amino acids.