A structure for atropine (C 17 H 23 NO 3 ) is to be proposed from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C 6 H 5 CH(CH 2 OH)COOH and tropine (C 8 H 15 NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H 2 SO 4 . Concept introduction: Esters when hydrolyzed with bases yield alcohols and carboxylic acids. Alcohols when treated with H 2 SO 4 give alkenes. Symmetrical compounds are optically inactive. To predict: A structure for atropine (C 17 H 23 NO 3 ) from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C 6 H 5 CH(CH 2 OH)COOH and tropine (C 8 H 15 NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H 2 SO 4 . Answer: Structure of atropine is Explanation: Atropine gives tropic acid and an alcohol, tropine when hydrolyzed in the presence of bases. Hence it must be an ester. Tropine upon dehydration gives tropidene. Hence structure of tropine (optically inactive) can be obtained by adding water to the structure of tropidene. The formation of the ester linkage between the OH of atropine and COOH of tropic acid gives atropine. The reactions can be represented as below. Conclusion: Structure of atropine is

Question

Phenylamine is an aromatic amine that is used in the manufacture of dyes. When absorbed through the skin itcauses the Fe+2 in hemoglobin to become oxidized into Fe+3, resulting in the formation of methemoglobin whichcannot bind to or transport oxygen. Phenylamine is soluble in water and acts as a weak base.C6H5NH2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇋ C6H5NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq)a. When you measure the concentrations of the ionized substances you find them to be:[C6H5NH2] = 0.234 mol/L [C6H5NH3+] = 2.8 x 10-5 mol/L [OH-]= 2.8 x 10-5 mol/LIf the Kb is 4.27 x 10-10, is the reaction at equilibrium? If not, which direction does it need to move (rightor left) to reach equilibrium? Explain. b. At equilibrium the concentrations of the ionized substances are:[C6H5NH2] = 0.0537 mol/L [C6H5NH3+] = 4.79 x 10-6 mol/L [OH-]= 4.79 x 10-6 mol/LIf this reaction is taking place in a 2.0L container, and 1.5 moles of phenylamine were added to thereaction, what will the new concentrations of the three ionic species be when…

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24.SE, Problem 75AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A structure for atropine (C₁₇H₂₃NO₃) is to be proposed from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C₆H₅CH(CH₂OH)COOH and tropine (C₈H₁₅NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H₂SO₄.

Concept introduction:

Esters when hydrolyzed with bases yield alcohols and carboxylic acids. Alcohols when treated with H₂SO₄ give alkenes. Symmetrical compounds are optically inactive.

To predict:

A structure for atropine (C₁₇H₂₃NO₃) from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C₆H₅CH(CH₂OH)COOH and tropine (C₈H₁₅NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H₂SO₄.

Answer:

Structure of atropine is

Explanation:

Atropine gives tropic acid and an alcohol, tropine when hydrolyzed in the presence of bases. Hence it must be an ester. Tropine upon dehydration gives tropidene. Hence structure of tropine (optically inactive) can be obtained by adding water to the structure of tropidene.

The formation of the ester linkage between the OH of atropine and COOH of tropic acid gives atropine. The reactions can be represented as below.

Conclusion:

Structure of atropine is

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Phenylamine is an aromatic amine that is used in the manufacture of dyes. When absorbed through the skin itcauses the Fe+2 in hemoglobin to become oxidized into Fe+3, resulting in the formation of methemoglobin whichcannot bind to or transport oxygen. Phenylamine is soluble in water and acts as a weak base.C6H5NH2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇋ C6H5NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq)a. When you measure the concentrations of the ionized substances you find them to be:[C6H5NH2] = 0.234 mol/L [C6H5NH3+] = 2.8 x 10-5 mol/L [OH-]= 2.8 x 10-5 mol/LIf the Kb is 4.27 x 10-10, is the reaction at equilibrium? If not, which direction does it need to move (rightor left) to reach equilibrium? Explain. b. At equilibrium the concentrations of the ionized substances are:[C6H5NH2] = 0.0537 mol/L [C6H5NH3+] = 4.79 x 10-6 mol/L [OH-]= 4.79 x 10-6 mol/LIf this reaction is taking place in a 2.0L container, and 1.5 moles of phenylamine were added to thereaction, what will the new concentrations of the three ionic species be when…

(a) Explain how NaBH, in CH;OH can reduce hemiacetal A to 1,4-butanediol (HOCH,CH,CH,CH,OH). (b) What product is formed when A is treated with Ph;P=CHCH,CH(CH),? (c) The drug isotretinoin is formed by reaction of X and Y. What is the structure of isotretinoin? Although isotretinoin (trade name Accutane or Roaccutane) is used for the treatment of severe acne, it is dispensed under strict controls because it also causes birth defects. PPha NaOCH,CH3 HO- isotretinoin HO A Br X Y

Write a net ionic equation to show that piperidine, C5H11N, behaves as a Bronsted-Lowry base in water.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24.SE, Problem 75AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A structure for atropine (C₁₇H₂₃NO₃) is to be proposed from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C₆H₅CH(CH₂OH)COOH and tropine (C₈H₁₅NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H₂SO₄.

Concept introduction:

Esters when hydrolyzed with bases yield alcohols and carboxylic acids. Alcohols when treated with H₂SO₄ give alkenes. Symmetrical compounds are optically inactive.

To predict:

A structure for atropine (C₁₇H₂₃NO₃) from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C₆H₅CH(CH₂OH)COOH and tropine (C₈H₁₅NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H₂SO₄.

Answer:

Structure of atropine is

Explanation:

Atropine gives tropic acid and an alcohol, tropine when hydrolyzed in the presence of bases. Hence it must be an ester. Tropine upon dehydration gives tropidene. Hence structure of tropine (optically inactive) can be obtained by adding water to the structure of tropidene.

The formation of the ester linkage between the OH of atropine and COOH of tropic acid gives atropine. The reactions can be represented as below.

Conclusion:

Structure of atropine is

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24.SE, Problem 75AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A structure for atropine (C₁₇H₂₃NO₃) is to be proposed from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C₆H₅CH(CH₂OH)COOH and tropine (C₈H₁₅NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H₂SO₄.

Concept introduction:

Esters when hydrolyzed with bases yield alcohols and carboxylic acids. Alcohols when treated with H₂SO₄ give alkenes. Symmetrical compounds are optically inactive.

To predict:

A structure for atropine (C₁₇H₂₃NO₃) from the following observations: i) On basic hydrolysis atropine yields tropic acid C₆H₅CH(CH₂OH)COOH and tropine (C₈H₁₅NO). ii) Tropine is an optically inactive alcohol that yields tropidene on dehydration with H₂SO₄.

Answer:

Structure of atropine is

Explanation:

Atropine gives tropic acid and an alcohol, tropine when hydrolyzed in the presence of bases. Hence it must be an ester. Tropine upon dehydration gives tropidene. Hence structure of tropine (optically inactive) can be obtained by adding water to the structure of tropidene.

The formation of the ester linkage between the OH of atropine and COOH of tropic acid gives atropine. The reactions can be represented as below.

Conclusion:

Structure of atropine is

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 24.SE, Problem 75AP

Interpretation Introduction