Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23.5, Problem GQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
An explanation for the given order of association found in DNA has to be identified from the given options.
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The mutated form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin S, or HbS) in sickle-cell anemia results from
the replacement of a glutamate residue by a valine residue at position 6 in the ß chain of the
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Under conditions of low [O₂], HbS aggregates and distorts the red blood cell into a sickle
shape. See image of eight aggregated HbS molecules. Sickled red blood cells are relatively
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arginine
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0
Please explain why this anwser was wrong for question 1 and what the errors made were. If possible also please explain how you can get the correct anwser for this problem.
4) In the lab you are extracting and enzyme called catalase
from a potato and want to use this enzyme to speed up a
reaction in the lab. The potato usually grows in soil pH of
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1PCh. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2PCh. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3PCh. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4PCh. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5PCh. 23.5 - Prob. AQCh. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQCh. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. FQCh. 23.5 - Prob. GQCh. 23.5 - Select the stronger acid from each pair of...Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 23.7PCh. 23.6 - Prob. 23.8PCh. 23.6 - Prob. 23.9PCh. 23.7 - Prob. 23.10PCh. 23.8 - Prob. 23.11PCh. 23.8 - Prob. 23.12PCh. 23.8 - Prob. 23.13PCh. 23.9 - Prob. 23.14PCh. 23.10 - In Example 23.15, you considered the product of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.16PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.17PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.18PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.19PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.20PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.21PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.22PCh. 23 - Account for the formation of the base peaks in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.24PCh. 23 - Select the stronger base from each pair of...Ch. 23 - The pKa, of the conjugate acid of morpholine is...Ch. 23 - Which of the two nitrogens in pyridoxamine (a form...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.28PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.29PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.30PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.31PCh. 23 - Suppose you have a mixture of these three...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.33PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.34PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.35PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.36PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.37PCh. 23 - (S)-Glutamic acid is one of the 20 amino acid...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.39PCh. 23 - Propose a structural formula for the compound...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.41PCh. 23 - The pyrolysis of acetic esters to give an alkene...Ch. 23 - Propose steps for the following conversions using...Ch. 23 - Show how to bring about each step in this...Ch. 23 - Show how to bring about each step in the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.48PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.49PCh. 23 - Methylparaben is used as a preservative in foods,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.51PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.52PCh. 23 - Propose a synthesis for the systemic agricultural...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.54PCh. 23 - Several diamines are building blocks for the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.56PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.57PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.58PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.59PCh. 23 - Following is a retrosynthesis for the coronary...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.61PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.62PCh. 23 - Given this retrosynthetic analysis, propose a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.64PCh. 23 - Following is a series of anorexics (appetite...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.66PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.67PCh. 23 - Show how the synthetic scheme developed in Problem...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.69PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.70PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.71PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.72P
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- All amino acids have two ionizable functional groups: an a-amino group (average pK, of 9.4) and an a-carboxylic acid group (average pK, of 2.2). Glutamic acid has an ionizable side chain (R group) with a pK, of about 4.1. One of the possible ionization states of glutamic acid is shown in the image. H₂N-CH-C-OH CH₂ At what pH would this structure of glutamic acid be the predominant ionization state? Consider the ionization state of all three of the functional groups. OH The protonated form of the R group of glutamic acid is shown in the structure. The ratio of the protonated form to the charged (deprotonated) form depends on the pK, of the R group and the pH of the solution. 2.6 4.1 1.5 Select the pH values at which the charged form of the R group would predominate. 7.0 11.3arrow_forwardAll amino acids have two ionizable functional groups: an α‑amino group (average p?a of 9.4) and an α‑carboxylic acid group (average p?a of 2.2). Aspartic acid has an ionizable side chain (R group) with a p?a of about 3.8. One of the possible ionization states of aspartic acid is shown in the image. The protonated form of the R group of aspartic acid is shown in the structure. The ratio of the protonated form to the charged (deprotonated) form depends on the p?a of the R group and the pH of the solution. Select all the pH values at which the charged form of the R group would predominate.arrow_forwardWhat do you predict the addition of an acid will have on catalase? Will it increase, decrease, or have no effect on the chemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide and catalase?arrow_forward
- Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation C6H12O6(aq)2C3H6O3(aq) G=198 kJ at pH 7.0 and 25°C Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is 5.0103 M, while that of lactic acid is 2.9103 M. Calculate AG for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation G=G+RT In Q, where Q is the concentration quotient, analogous to K.arrow_forwardIn the space provided, draw the structure of valine (val) at each of the following pH values. Valine has a pl of 5.97. a) pH = 4.34 CH3 CH-CH, H2N-C-COOH Valine (Val) b) pH = 5.97 %3Darrow_forwardConsider an amino acid with the following pKa values: pKa1 = 2.71 and pKa2 = 9.31 At what pH value in aqueous solution would this amino acid (its predominant form) exist as an anion?arrow_forward
- The amino acid (S)-alanine has the physical characteristics listed under the structure. How does the melting point of a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-alanine compare to the melting point of (S)-alanine?arrow_forwardQ5:arrow_forwardAll amino acids have two ionizable functional groups: an α‑amino group (average pKa of 9.4) and an α‑carboxylic acid group (average pKa of 2.2). Aspartic acid has an ionizable side chain (R group) with a pKa of about 3.8. One of the possible ionization states of aspartic acid is shown in the image. At what pH would the structure be the predominant ionization state? Consider the ionization state of all three of the functional groups.arrow_forward
- What do you predict the addition of a base will have on catalase? Will it increase, decrease, or have no effect on the chemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide and catalase?arrow_forwardAH = - 1.2 kcal/mol; Kp = 16 nM OH 1 HO AH = - 6.0 kcal/mol; N. Kp = = 76 nM OH 2 HOl. AH = - 5.5 kcal/mol; Kp = 0.5 nM OH (iii) By considering the enthalpies given, what do you think this suggests about the target (e.g. the binding pocket of an enzyme) that the molecule binds to?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions on the basis of the free energies of formation at 25°C shown in the table at the top of the next page: (a) Does the peptide bond between alanine and glycine form spontaneously under standard conditions?arrow_forward
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