Chapter 23, Problem 23.72P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of sotalol from aniline has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nitration: In nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Reduction: If electrons are gained to a species or hydrogen atoms are added to a species or oxygen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration. Rate of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction depends on both alkyl halide and the nucleophile present.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Sotalol is whether chiral has to be identified and the possible stereoisomers of formed in the given reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Chiral carbon: A carbon is said to be chiral carbon if it is bonded to four different substituents.

Stereoisomers: Two compounds with same molecular formula but different in their orientation are considered as isomers.

Enantiomers: Two molecules are considered as enantiomers if they are not superimposable mirror images with each other.