Chapter 23, Problem 23.89P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of compounds of A-F in the following synthesis are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In reaction in which a hydrogen atom that is attached to an aromatic system is replaced by an electrophile is the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The electrophile is denoted by E^+ and it is electron poor species. The electrophile attack on benzene ring and forms arenium ion intermediate or Wheland intermediate. In electrophilic substitution reaction, the addition of electrophile is the rate determining step.

The monosubstituted benzene shows electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the type of substituent attached to benzene ring some substituent increases the rate of reaction called the activating group and some substituent decreases the rate of reaction called deactivating group. The electron donating groups are activating groups and electron withdrawing groups are deactivating group. The Fridal-Crafts acylation reaction involves the addition acyl group to an aromatic ring.