
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:
The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.
Concept introduction:
The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:
(b)
Interpretation:
The iodo (
Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Chapter 23 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
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- Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: What is the product of the reaction? *see imagearrow_forwardShow the correct sequence to connect the reagent to product. * see imagearrow_forwardThe answer here says that F and K have a singlet and a doublet. The singlet and doublet are referring to the H's 1 carbon away from the carbon attached to the OH. Why don't the H's two carbons away, the ones on the cyclohexane ring, cause more peaks on the signal?arrow_forward
- Draw the Birch Reduction for this aromatic compound and include electron withdrawing groups and electron donating groups. *See attachedarrow_forwardShow the correct sequence to connect the reagent to product. * see imagearrow_forwardBlocking Group are use to put 2 large sterically repulsive group ortho. Show the correct sequence toconnect the reagent to product with the highest yield possible. * see imagearrow_forward
- Elimination-Addition: What molecule was determined to be an intermediate based on a “trapping experiment”? *please solve and see imagearrow_forwardShow the correct sequence to connect the reagent to product. * see imagearrow_forwardPredict the final product. If 2 products are made, list which should be “major” and “minor”. **see attachedarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning

