(a) Interpretation: The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here: The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied. Concept introduction: The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Identify the missing organic reactant in the following reaction: x + x O OH H* + ☑- X H+ O O Х Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic reactant X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. C

CH3O OH OH O hemiacetal O acetal O neither O 0 O hemiacetal acetal neither OH hemiacetal O acetal O neither CH2 O-CH2-CH3 CH3-C-OH O hemiacetal O acetal CH3-CH2-CH2-0-c-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 O neither HO-CH2 ? 000 Ar B

What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 2 2. n-BuLi 3 Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.8P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.10P

Solution Summary: The iodo and formyl groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of para isomers and the sum of the ortho and para products are shown.

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Chapter 23 Solutions