Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 23.2CR
Is it circular reasoning to calculate p ond q from observed genotype frequencies and then use those values of p and q to test if the populärior is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain your answer.
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A population of dragons is as follows:
46 are green with genotype GG
106 are green with genotype Gg
56 are red with genotype gg
Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Assume 1 degree of freedom for your chi-square test.
Pretend that you are comparing the actual genotype distribution for a population with the distribution of genotypes predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg theorem. So you hypothesize that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (i.e. that actual population data fit the Hardy-Weinberg expectations). If you carry out chi-square goodness of fit test and calculate a total chi-square value of 0.03 with 1 degree of freedom (see table), what does this mean?
Enumerate the assumptions of Hardy- Weinberg principle.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Explain why genetic Variation within a population...Ch. 23.1 - Ot all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 23.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS If a population stopped...Ch. 23.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 23.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 23.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 23.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 23.3 - Distinguish genetic draft from gene flow in terms...Ch. 23.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 23.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 23.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23 - Typically. most of the nucleotide variabillity...Ch. 23 - Is it circular reasoning to calculate p ond q from...Ch. 23 - Would two small, geographically isolated...Ch. 23 - How might secondary sex characteristics in males...Ch. 23 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 23 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Using at least two examples,...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Researchers...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - SYNTHESI2E YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake forracd...
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- How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? What are four assumptions of the HardyWeinberg law?arrow_forwardExplain why the Hardy-Weinberg model is better for short term (a few generations) predictions of allele and genotype frequencies.arrow_forwardConsider the B locus which has two alleles in a population: B and b. Researchers examined the genotypes several individuals for this locus and obtained the following numbers B/B: 320individuals B/b: 60individuals b/b: 12individuals If the B locus is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what would the expected number of individuals with the Bb genotype? Round your answer to the closest full number.arrow_forward
- The following data were obtained from a Ghanaian population of 152 people. Blood Type Number of Individuals M 61 MN 64 N 27 Calculate the frequencies of the M and N alleles in this population. What are the expected numbers of individuals of each genotypic class in this population? Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Use the chi-squared test to determine if these data fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model. The degrees of freedom for this test should be 1. Why is this appropriate?arrow_forwardIn a population with two alleles at the C locus (C and c), the frequency of the genotype cc is 0.14. Assuming that the C locus is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in this population, what is the frequency of heterozygotes (Cc)? Round and report your answer to the second decimal place (0.00). Vour Answor:arrow_forwardWhile supposing that two different alleles exist in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium. if p= frequecy of the "A" allele and q=frequency of the "a" allele, what is the expected frequency of "AA" individuals in the population? Possible answers: p,p+q, q, p^2, q^2, pq, 2pq, p^2+2pqarrow_forward
- Pretend that you are comparing the actual genotype distribution for a population with the distribution of genotypes predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg theorem. So your hypothesis is that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (i.e. that actual population data fit the Hardy-Weinberg expectations). If you carry out a chisquare goodness of fit test and calculate a total chisquare value of 0.03 with 1 degree of freedom (see table), what does this mean? (select all true statements)a) The data do NOT fit the hypothesized distribution.b) The data do fit the hypothesized distribution well enough, so we accept the hypothesis at this time (i.e. we cannot reject the hypothesis). c) The probability that the data came from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is too small, so we reject the hypothesis.d) The probability that the data came from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is too big, so we reject the hypothesis.e) The data support Hardy-Weinberg expectations – there is no…arrow_forwardConsider a sample of 100 individuals sampled from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium that are genotyped at a single locus. Of these 100 individuals, 25 individuals are A¡A1, 45 are A1A2, and 30 are A2A2. What is the actual (observed) allele frequency of the A1 allele in this sample? (you may use a calculator if needed) O A. 0.325 O B. 0.275 O C. 0.475 O D. 0.525arrow_forwardThere are two existing hypotheses for an unusually high frequency of a deleterious recessive allele in a certain population other than it is hidden in the heterozygous genotype and not exposed to selection. Explain what these two likely hypotheses are and how you could distinguish between them based on your understanding of the applicable assumptions that are part of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Modelarrow_forward
- I'm confused about how I would figure out these two questions as I don't really understand the difference or where to start. What would genotypic frequencies be for Wildrose at pt-8 if it were in equilibrium? and How many individuals (to 2 decimal places) of each genotype would there be from Wildrose at pt-8 if it were in equilibrium?arrow_forwardWhat does it mean when your data/population conforms to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?arrow_forwardIf 80% of a population has a heterozygous phenotype, and 16% of that population shows arecessive phenotype, is that population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? In other words, doesthe population obey the rules of H-W? Perform a statistical analysis to determine your finalanswer.arrow_forward
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