Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 2CC
Explain why natural selection is the only evolutionary mechanism that consistently leads to adaptive evolution in a population.
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When discussing natural selection and behaviour, we often say that members of a species have certain behavioural traits because those traits are adaptive, in the sense that they increase inclusive fitness relative to alternative forms of those traits that have existed in the past. Instead of emphasizing the adaptiveness of behavioural traits, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on nervous system traits, increasing the prevalence within a population of particular patterns of neural circuitry and neurobiological mechanisms. As an alternative to emphasizing either the behaviour or the nervous system, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on genes; according to this perspective, certain forms of certain genes (ie., particular alleles) increase in prevalence within a population relative to alternative forms of those genes. Which, if any, of these three perspectives on natural selection and behaviour do you think is the most…
List and explain the three conditions that must be met in order for a population to evolve by natural selection.
Explain what is required for evolution by natural selection to occur in a population.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Explain why genetic Variation within a population...Ch. 23.1 - Ot all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 23.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS If a population stopped...Ch. 23.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 23.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 23.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 23.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 23.3 - Distinguish genetic draft from gene flow in terms...Ch. 23.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 23.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 23.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23 - Typically. most of the nucleotide variabillity...Ch. 23 - Is it circular reasoning to calculate p ond q from...Ch. 23 - Would two small, geographically isolated...Ch. 23 - How might secondary sex characteristics in males...Ch. 23 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 23 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Using at least two examples,...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Researchers...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - SYNTHESI2E YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake forracd...
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- Apply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?arrow_forwardBriefly explain all processes that can bring about evolution in populationsarrow_forwardWhich of the following factors are required in order for evolution to occur? a. Individuals within a population must be receptive to change and collectively determine which trait(s) is/are to be modified in subsequent generations b. Genetic variation within a population must exist or have the potential to arise, and shifts in allelic frequencies will take place or have the potential to take place c. Individuals within a population should be able to reproduce effectively (i.e., without barriers to reproduction existing) d. Both A & B e. Both B & Carrow_forward
- Describe how populations with substantial genetic differences can form. What is the role of natural selection?arrow_forwardName an evolutionary force that decreases genetic variation in a population.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the forces that drive evolution is TRUE? Unlike the other evolutionary forces, natural selection is the only force that improves the match between the organism and its environment. Unlike the other evolutionary forces, gene flow is the only force that causes populations to become more different. Unlike the other evolutionary forces, mutation is the only force that decreases genetic variability. Unlike the other evolutionary forces, nonrandom mating is the only force that changes allele frequency.arrow_forward
- Explain how stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection affect the evolution of a population.arrow_forwardEvolution is a change in frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population. This definition of evolution was developed a result of the work in the 20th century by Hardy and Weinberg. Through mathematical modeling based on probability, they concluded that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation absence of evolutionary influences. Evolution will not occur in a population if seven conditions are met: 1. mutation is not occurring 2. natural selection is not occurring 3. the population is infinitely large 4. all members of the population breed 5. mating is totally random 6. everyone produces the same number of offspring 7. there is migration in or out of the population One of the criteria in the prompt above has been mis-typed. Correct the erroneous phrase so evolution will NOT occur.A) (5) There is sexual selection.B) (1) Mutation occurs within the population.C) (4) The fittest members of the population breed.D) (7)…arrow_forwardThere are three modes of natural selection: stabilizing selection, directional selection and diversifying/ disruptive selection. Describe each mode and explain how each mode affects the evolution of a population.arrow_forward
- What is the role of variation in evolution-if heterozygosity is reduced, what happens to the potential for evolution? The phenotype and genotype of a population is due to a mosaic of random and directed processe.some of these have to do with history; some are related to adaptation, etc. As completely as possibl, discuss the role of chance and direction in evolution and in determining the phenotype of a population.arrow_forwardAccording to the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium: Question 1 options: A) In absence of mutation and natural selection, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. B) In absence of gene flow, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. C) In absence of genetic drift, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.arrow_forwardAlternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.arrow_forward
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