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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
How to synthesize from the malonic ester the dialkylated intermediate required for the synthesis of aprobarbitol is to be shown. Further a mechanism for the reaction of the intermediate with urea to give aprobarbitol is to be proposed.
Concept introduction:
Removal of both the hydrogens of the active methylene group in malonic ester by treating with LDA and then treating the enolate ions with
The steps involved in the reaction of the dialkylated product with urea are i) Nucleophilic attack of nitrogen of urea on the carbonyl carbon of the dialkylated ester ii) Elimination of the ethanol iii) Another nucleophilic attack by second nitrogen of urea on the carbonyl of the other ester group iv) Elimination of another ethanol.
To state:
How to synthesize from the malonic ester the dialkylated intermediate required for the synthesis of aprobarbitol. Further to propose a mechanism for the reaction of the intermediate with urea to give aprobarbitol
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Following is a synthesis for toremifene, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist whose structure is closely related to that of tamoxifen. (a) This synthesis makes use of two blocking groups, the benzyl (Bn) group and the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group. Draw a structural formula of each group and describe the experimental conditions under which it is attached and removed. (b) Discuss the chemical logic behind the use of each blocking group in this synthesis. (c) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of D to E. (d) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of F to toremifene. (e) Is toremifene chiral? If so, which of the possible stereoisomers are formed in this synthesis?arrow_forwardCompound H (C8H6O3) gives a precipitate when treated with hydroxylamine in aqueous ethanol and a silver mirror when treated with Tollens solution. Following is its 1H-NMR spectrum. Deduce the structure of compound H.arrow_forwardAldehydes and ketones react with thiols to yield thioacetals just as they react with alcohols to yield acetals. Predict the product of the following reaction, and propose a mechanism:arrow_forward
- Propose a mechanism for the reaction of bisphenol A with phosgene.arrow_forwardWhen a student treated butanedioic acid with thionyl chloride, she was surprised to find that the product she obtained was an anhydride rather than an acyl chloride. Propose a mechanism to explain why she obtained an anhydride.arrow_forwardPropose a detailed mechanism for the following reactions: a) Reaction of 3-methylbutanal and diethyl malonate in the presence of sodium ethoxide solution in ethanol. b) Reaction of diethyl hexanedioate in the presence of sodium ethoxide followed by acid work up to form a beta-ketoester.arrow_forward
- The Stork reaction is a condensation reaction between an enamine donor and an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl acceptor. The overall reaction consists of a three-step sequence of formation of an enamine from a ketone, Michael addition to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, and hydrolysis of the enamine in dilute acid to regenerate the ketone. Consider the Stork reaction between cyclohexanone and propenal Draw the structure of the product of the enamine formed between cyclohexanone and dimethylamine. - Michael addition to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, and - hydrolysis of the enamine in dilute acid to regenerate the ketone.arrow_forwardcyohexanol + methyl acetate reaction product and mechanism dopamine + ch3cho reacted with mild acid reaction product and mechanism camphour is formed from ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylatearrow_forwardPropose a mechanism for the following transformationarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
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