Chapter 22.SE, Problem 42AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction shown are to be given.

Concept introduction:

Compounds having two carboxyl groups attached to a carbon readily undergo decarboxylation, when heated, to yield monocarboxylic acids.

To give:

The products of the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In the first reaction the base abstracts a proton to yield an enolate ion. In the second reaction alkylation takes place.

To give:

The product of the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction shown are to be given.

Concept introduction:

When carboxylic acids are treated with Br₂ and PBr₃, bromination occurs at the carbon α- to the carboxyl group and the acid group also is converted into an acyl bromide. When treated with water the acyl bromide gets hydrolyzed to yield the free acid.

To give:

The products of the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction shown are to be given.

Concept introduction:

Methyl ketones when treated with excess halogens in the presence of aqueous bases undergo haloform reaction. The methyl ketone is triply halogenated and the cleaved by the base to yield the salt of a carboxylic acid and a haloform.

To give:

The products of the reaction shown.