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Concept explainers
For each codon, give its anticodon and the amino acid for which it codes.
- GUU
- AUA
- CCC
- GCG
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
(a)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon GUU should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 56P
Anticodon − CAA
Amino acid − Valine (Val)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid.GUU codon is responsible for CAA anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, valine is the responsible amino acid for the GUU code.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
(b)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon AUA should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 56P
Anticodon − UAU
Amino acid − Isoleucine (Ile)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. AUA codon is responsible for UAU anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, isoleucine is the responsible amino acid for the AUAcode.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
(c)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon CCC should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 56P
Anticodon − GGG
Amino acid − Proline (Pro)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. CCC codon is responsible for GGG anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, proline is the responsible amino acid for the CCC code.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
(d)
Interpretation:
Anticodon and amino acid for codon GCG should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Anticodon is the triplet that is represented in tRNA molecules corresponding to a complementary codon in mRNA.
Answer to Problem 56P
Anticodon − CGC
Amino acid − Alanine (Ala)
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. GCG codon is responsible for CGC anticodon and this happens because of the complementary base pairing. In DNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). In RNA; Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). According to the above table, alanine is the responsible amino acid for the GCG code.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
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