Concept explainers
Are the following processes examples of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis? (a) Hydrolysis of immiscible ethyl acetate
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Physical Chemistry
- Write a balanced chemical equation based on the following description: butanoic acid, C,H,COOH(I) burns in air | What type of reaction is represented by the following equation: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NACI(s) A) combination B) decomposition C) double displacement D) single displacementarrow_forward(1) two baking sheets are made of different metals. you purchase both and bake a dozen cookies on each sheet at the same time in your oven. you observe that after 9 minutes, the cookies on one sheet are slightly burned on the bottom, whereas those on the other sheet are fine. (you are curious and you vary the conditions so you know the result is not caused by the oven.) (a) how can you use this observation to infer something about the specific heat of the materials in the baking sheets? (b) what is the mathematical reasoning (equation) that you need to support your conclusion?arrow_forwardwhat is delta Hr for the reaction 3NH3 (g) + 3.75 (g) - 3NO(g) + 4.5 H20 (g) delta Hr = -904.7KJ 4NH3 (g) + 5O (g) ----> 4NO(g) + 6 H20 (g) delta Hr= -904.7 JKarrow_forward
- The maximum rate I at which oxygen molecules can be consumed by a bacterium or radius R in a lake where the concentration of oxygen is co = 0.2 mole m³ increases with the first power of R. We might expect the oxygen consumption, however, to increase roughly with an organism's volume. Together, this statements imply an upper limit to the size of a bacterium: If R gets too large, the bacterium would literally suffocate. The actual metabolic activity of a bacterium is about 0.02 mole kg-' sl. What limit do you then get on the size R of a bacterium? Compare to the size of a real bacteria. Can you think of some way for a bacterium to evade this limit?arrow_forwardNatural gas consists primarily of methane, CH4(g).(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the completecombustion of methane to produce CO2(g) as the onlycarbon-containing product. (b) Write a balanced chemicalequation for the incomplete combustion of methaneto produce CO(g) as the only carbon-containing product.(c) At 25 °C and 1.0 atm pressure, what is the minimumquantity of dry air needed to combust 1.0 L of CH4(g) completelyto CO2(g)?arrow_forwardPentaerythritol tetranitrate (abbreviated PETN, chemical formula C₂H₂N₂O₁₂2) is an explosive material with a structure that is very similar to nitroglycerin. It is one of the components of plastic explosives such as Semtex. The explosion of PETN can be represented by: C5H8N4O12 (s) → 2 CO(g) + 4 H₂O(g) + 3 CO2(g) + 2 N₂(g) A plastic explosive charge is formed into a cylinder about 30 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter. It weighs about 221 grams and is 58.5% PETN by mass. What is the total number of moles of gas produced when this plastic explosive charge explodes? mol gasarrow_forward
- Assume that the formation of nitrogen dioxide: 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) is an elementary reaction. (a) Write the rate law for this reaction. (b) A sample of air at a certain temperature is contaminated with 2.0 ppm of NO by volume. Under these conditions, can the rate law be simplified? If so, write the simplified rate law. (c) Under the conditions described in part (b), the half-life of the reaction has been estimated to be 6.4 × 103 min. What would the half-life be if the initial concentration of NO were 10 ppm?arrow_forwardPeroxynitric acid (HOONO2) is an unstable molecule that decomposes to nitric acid and oxygen: 2HOONO2(aq) → 2HNO3(aq) + O2(g)When the concentration of peroxynitic acid is graphed against time, the resulting plot is curved, but if the logarithm of this concentration is plotted, we instead get a straight line. Based on this, which statement is true? a) This decay is a second order in peroxynitric acid. b) The slope of the straight-line graph is the rate constant. c) One needs the concentration of peroxynitric acid to calculate its half-life. d) The rate law appears to be of the form -Δ[HOONO2]/Δt = k[HOONO2].arrow_forwardIn biological cells that have a plentiful supply of oxygen, glucose is oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O by a process called aerobic oxidation. Muscle cells may be deprived of O2 during vigorous exercise and, in that case, one molecule of glucose is converted to two molecules of lactic acid (CH3CH(OH)COOH) by a process called anaerobic glycolysis. (a) When 0.3212 g of glucose was burned at 298 K in a bomb calorimeter of calorimeter constant 641 J K−1 the temperature rose by 7.793 K. Calculate (i) the standard molar enthalpy of combustion, (ii) the standard internal energy of combustion, and (iii) the standard enthalpy of formation of glucose. (b) What is the biological advantage (in kilojoules per mole of energy released as heat) of complete aerobic oxidation compared with anaerobic glycolysis to lactic acid?arrow_forward
- Determine whether the following statements are true or false, and explain your answer in one sentence. a) The rate law for an overall reaction 2A (g) -> B (g) is: Rate = k[A]^2 b) The rate law for an elementary step 2A (g) -> B (g) is: Rate = k[A]^2 c) The rate of an overal reaction is the rate of the slowest elementary step within its mechanism.arrow_forwardWhat is the std heat of reaction at 800 degrees celsius (1073.15K) for a complete combustion of liquid ethanol (C2H5OH) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and liquid water (H2O)?arrow_forward(b) Consider the hypothetical reaction below: X(9) + 2Y(g) XY 2 (g) Forecast the rate of formation of the product when Y reacts with X at the rate of -15.0 ×10² molL·'s' to produce the product.arrow_forward
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