Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 21.11, Problem 1Q
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: the given compounds are needed to be placed to the given conditions by using Arkel diagram.
Concept introduction:
In Arkel diagram,
- Down-left portion shows metallic compounds.
- Down-right portion shows covalent compounds.
- Down-mid (in between metallic and covalent) shows semiconducting compounds.
- Top shows ionic compounds.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: the given compounds are needed to be placed to the given conditions by using Arkel diagram.
Concept introduction:
In Arkel diagram,
- Down-left portion shows metallic compounds.
- Down-right portion shows covalent compounds.
- Down-mid (in between metallic and covalent) shows semiconducting compounds.
- Top shows ionic compounds.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: the given compounds are needed to be placed to the given conditions by using Arkel diagram.
Concept introduction:
In Arkel diagram,
- Down-left portion shows metallic compounds.
- Down-right portion shows covalent compounds.
- Down-mid (in between metallic and covalent) shows semiconducting compounds.
- Top shows ionic compounds.
(d)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: the given compounds are needed to be placed to the given conditions by using Arkel diagram.
Concept introduction:
In Arkel diagram,
- Down-left portion shows metallic compounds.
- Down-right portion shows covalent compounds.
- Down-mid (in between metallic and covalent) shows semiconducting compounds.
- Top shows ionic compounds.
(e)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: the given compounds are needed to be placed to the given conditions by using Arkel diagram.
Concept introduction:
In Arkel diagram,
- Down-left portion shows metallic compounds.
- Down-right portion shows covalent compounds.
- Down-mid (in between metallic and covalent) shows semiconducting compounds.
- Top shows ionic compounds.
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Calculate the lattice enthalpy for RbC1. You will need the following information:
Species AfH°, kJ/mol
Rb(g)
RbCl(s)
Cl(g)
80.9
- 435.4
121.3
Enthalpy of ionization for Rb(g) is 403.0 kJ/mol; electron attachment enthalpy for Cl(g) is −349.0 kJ/mol.
Lattice enthalpy =
kJ/mol
Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following:
(1]
(a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2* ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference.
(b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is –3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K20 is –2240 kJ/mol. Account for the
difference.
(c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second
ionization energies.
Element First lonization Energy (kJ/mol)
Second lonization Energy (kJ/mol)
K
419
3050
Ca
590
1140
(d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.
1) Using principles of chemical bonding and/or intermolecular forces, explain each of the following.
(a) Xenon has a higher boiling point than neon has.
(b) Solid copper is an excellent conductor of electricity, but solid copper chloride is not.
(c) SiO2 melts at a very high temperature, while CO2 is a gas at room temperature, even though Si and C are in the same chemical family.
(d) Molecules of NF3 are polar, but those of BF3 are not.
2) Using principles of chemical bonding and/or intermolecular forces, explain each of the following:
(a) MgCl2 and SiCl4
(b) MgCl2 and MgF2
(c) F2 and Br2
(d) F2 and N2
Note: Please Briefly Explain
Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 21.2 - Write the formula for each of the following (a)...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 21.2 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3RCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1QCh. 21.5 - Prob. 2QCh. 21.8 - Prob. 1QCh. 21.8 - Prob. 2QCh. 21.8 - Prob. 3Q
Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 4QCh. 21.8 - Prob. 3RCCh. 21.11 - Prob. 1QCh. 21.11 - Prob. 2QCh. 21 - Give examples of two basic oxides. Write equations...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PSCh. 21 - Prob. 3PSCh. 21 - Prob. 4PSCh. 21 - Prob. 5PSCh. 21 - Prob. 6PSCh. 21 - For the product of the reaction you selected in...Ch. 21 - For the product of the reaction you selected in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9PSCh. 21 - Prob. 10PSCh. 21 - Place the following oxides in order of increasing...Ch. 21 - Place the following oxides in order of increasing...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13PSCh. 21 - Prob. 14PSCh. 21 - Prob. 15PSCh. 21 - Prob. 16PSCh. 21 - Prob. 17PSCh. 21 - Prob. 18PSCh. 21 - Prob. 19PSCh. 21 - Prob. 20PSCh. 21 - Prob. 21PSCh. 21 - Write balanced equations for the reaction of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 23PSCh. 21 - (a) Write equations for the half-reactions that...Ch. 21 - When magnesium bums in air, it forms both an oxide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 26PSCh. 21 - Prob. 27PSCh. 21 - Prob. 28PSCh. 21 - Calcium oxide, CaO, is used to remove SO2 from...Ch. 21 - Prob. 30PSCh. 21 - Prob. 31PSCh. 21 - The boron trihalides (except BF3) hydrolyze...Ch. 21 - When boron hydrides burn in air, the reactions are...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34PSCh. 21 - Write balanced equations for the reactions of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 36PSCh. 21 - Prob. 37PSCh. 21 - Alumina, Al2O3, is amphoteric. Among examples of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 39PSCh. 21 - Prob. 40PSCh. 21 - Describe the structure of pyroxenes (see page...Ch. 21 - Describe how ultrapure silicon can be produced...Ch. 21 - Prob. 43PSCh. 21 - Prob. 44PSCh. 21 - Prob. 45PSCh. 21 - Prob. 46PSCh. 21 - Prob. 47PSCh. 21 - The overall reaction involved in the industrial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 49PSCh. 21 - Prob. 50PSCh. 21 - Prob. 51PSCh. 21 - Prob. 52PSCh. 21 - Prob. 53PSCh. 21 - Prob. 54PSCh. 21 - Prob. 55PSCh. 21 - Sulfur forms a range of compounds with fluorine....Ch. 21 - The halogen oxides and oxoanions are good...Ch. 21 - Prob. 58PSCh. 21 - Bromine is obtained from brine wells. The process...Ch. 21 - Prob. 60PSCh. 21 - Prob. 61PSCh. 21 - Halogens combine with one another to produce...Ch. 21 - The standard enthalpy of formation of XeF4 is 218...Ch. 21 - Draw the Lewis electron dot structure for XeO3F2....Ch. 21 - Prob. 65PSCh. 21 - Prob. 66PSCh. 21 - Prob. 67GQCh. 21 - Prob. 68GQCh. 21 - Consider the chemistries of the elements...Ch. 21 - When BCl3 gas is passed through an electric...Ch. 21 - Prob. 71GQCh. 21 - Prob. 72GQCh. 21 - Prob. 73GQCh. 21 - Prob. 74GQCh. 21 - Prob. 75GQCh. 21 - Prob. 76GQCh. 21 - Prob. 77GQCh. 21 - Prob. 78GQCh. 21 - Prob. 79GQCh. 21 - Prob. 80GQCh. 21 - Prob. 81GQCh. 21 - Prob. 83GQCh. 21 - Prob. 84GQCh. 21 - A Boron and hydrogen form an extensive family of...Ch. 21 - In 1774, C. Scheele obtained a gas by reacting...Ch. 21 - What current must be used in a Downs cell...Ch. 21 - The chemistry of gallium: (a) Gallium hydroxide,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 89GQCh. 21 - Prob. 90GQCh. 21 - Prob. 91GQCh. 21 - Prob. 92GQCh. 21 - Prob. 93ILCh. 21 - Prob. 94ILCh. 21 - Prob. 95ILCh. 21 - Prob. 96ILCh. 21 - Prob. 97ILCh. 21 - Prob. 98ILCh. 21 - Prob. 99SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 100SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 101SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 102SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 103SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 104SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 105SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 106SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 107SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 108SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 109SCQCh. 21 - Prob. 110SCQCh. 21 - Comparing the chemistry of carbon and silicon. (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 112SCQCh. 21 - Xenon trioxide, XeO3, reacts with aqueous base to...
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