Concept explainers
The authors of the paper “Fudging the Numbers: Distributing Chocolate Influences Student Evaluations of an Undergraduate Course” (Teaching in Psychology [2007]: 245–247) carried out a study to see if
The researchers concluded that “Overall, students offered chocolate gave more positive evaluations than students not offered chocolate.” Indicate whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. Give a brief explanation for your choice.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
- List the sample space of each experiment. Picking a one-digit numberarrow_forwardSeattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forwardSeattle Grace Medical Center. As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, doctors at the Seattle Grace Medical Center in Washington state investigated the relationship between state of residence and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Texas, 20 were residents of Washington state, and 20 were residents of South Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. The data collected follow; higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. These data are contained in the attached data file SeattleGrace1. A second part of the study considered the relationship between state of residence and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Texas, 20 were residents…arrow_forward
- Binge drinking on college campuses has been a hot topic in the popular media and in scholarly research. Flett, Goldstein, Wall, Hewitt, Wekerle, and Azzi (2008) report the results of a study relating perfectionism to binge drinking. In the study, students were classified into three groups based on the number of binge drinking episodes they experienced during the past month (0, 1, 2 or more). The students then completed a perfectionism questionnaire including one scale measuring parental criticism. One sample item is “I never felt that I could meet my parents’ standards.” Students rated their level of agreement with each item, and the total score was calculated for each student. The following results are similar to those obtained by the researchers. Binge Drinking Episodes in Past Month 0 1 2 or more 8 10 13 N = 15 8 12 14 G = 165 10 8 12 ΣX2 = 1909 9 9 15 10 11…arrow_forwardA Bloomberg Businessweek subscriber study asked, "In the past 12 months, when traveling for business, what type of airline ticket did you purchase most often?" A second question asked if the type of flight was domestic or international travel. Sample data obtained are shown in the following table. Type of Flight Type of Ticket First Class Business Class I Ho: Type of ticket purchased is independent of the type of flight Ha: Type of ticket purchased is not independent of the type of flight Compute the value of the X² test statistic (to 2 decimals).. Domestic 29 95 International 22 Economy Class 518 135 a. Using a 0.05 level of significance, is the type of ticket purchased independent of the type of flight? 121 Hint(s) Check My Work Use Table 3 of Appendix B to find the p-value. The p-value is less than 0.005 What is your conclusion? Conclude that the type of ticket purchased depends on the type of flight. b. Discuss any dependence that exists between the type of ticket and type of…arrow_forwardIn a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…arrow_forward
- In a study about learning styles, researchers used a group of 64 elementary school students who volunteered to be part of the study. The researchers gave each student a pre-test and based upon the results, they divided them into 32 pairs of similarly scoring students. School administrators then randomly assigned one student from each pair to mathematics instruction online while the other student received in-person instruction in a traditional classroom. At the end of the year, all 64 students received a mathematics assessment, measured on a 100-point scale. The researchers calculated the difference (in person −− online) in the mathematics assessment scores for each pair of students. The 32 differences had a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 3.9 points. Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference (in person −− online) in the mathematics assessment scores for all pairs of students like these who learn math either face-to-face or online.arrow_forwardIn a study about learning styles, researchers used a group of 64 elementary school students who volunteered to be part of the study. The researchers gave each student a pre-test and based upon the results, they divided them into 32 pairs of similarly scoring students. School administrators then randomly assigned one student from each pair to mathematics instruction online while the other student received in-person instruction in a traditional classroom. At the end of the year, all 64 students received a mathematics assessment, measured on a 100-point scale. The researchers calculated the difference (in person −− online) in the mathematics assessment scores for each pair of students. The 32 differences had a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 3.9 points. Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference (in person −− online) in the mathematics assessment scores for all pairs of students like these who learn math either face-to-face or online.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillHolt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALCollege Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning
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