Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305115347
Author: Roxy Peck; Chris Olsen; Jay L. Devore
Publisher: Brooks Cole
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 70CR
A study of more than 50,000 U.S. nurses found that those who drank just one soda or fruit punch a day tended to gain much more weight and had an 80% increased risk of developing diabetes compared to those who drank less than one a month. (The Washington Post, August 25, 2004). “The message is clear … Anyone who cares about their health or the health of their family would not consume these beverages,” said Walter Willett of the Harvard School of Public Health, who helped conduct the study. The sugar and beverage industries said that the study was fundamentally flawed. “These allegations are inflammatory. Women who drink a lot of soda may simply have generally unhealthy lifestyles,” said Richard Adamson of the American Beverage Association.
- a. Do you think that the study described was an observational study or an experiment?
- b. Is it reasonable to conclude that drinking soda or fruit punch causes the observed increased risk of diabetes? Why or why not?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
I need help with this question.
For which reason is it a problem when journalists only report on one study?
a.
It can lead people to think journalists are scientists.
b.
It can cause people to interrogate a study’s validities.
c.
It can lead people to value one study over decades of previous research.
d.
It can make journalists look bad.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Vital Signs: binge Drinking among women and high school girls - United
States 2011]. MMWR 2013;62:pg 9-13. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6201.pdf
The article referenced says that when women aged 25-34 binge drink they have on average 7.2 drinks. I'm wondering if women in
Laramie are different than the national average. Assume the standard deviation is 0.42 drinks. I sample 9 women who have done
binge drinking, and their average is 5.1 drinks. Can I say at the 0.05 significance level that the average is not equal to 7.2?
Hg:X = 7.2
HA:X + 7.2
Ho:x + 7.2
HAix = 7.2
Ho:u - 5.1
Ho: = 7.2
Họ:* 5.1
Ho:u + 7.2
HA 5.1
HA:H 7.2
HA:H - 5.1
HA:H - 7.2
P-value
ODo not answer until you choose an a
ODo not answer until you choose an a
You cannot answer this until you choose an a
O You cannot answer this until you choose an a
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Ch. 2.1 - The article How Dangerous Is a Day in the...Ch. 2.1 - The authors of the paper Fudging the Numbers:...Ch. 2.1 - The article Why We Fall for This (AARP Magazine,...Ch. 2.1 - The article “Television’s Value to Kids: It’s All...Ch. 2.1 - The article Acupuncture for Bad Backs: Even Sham...Ch. 2.1 - The article Display of Health Risk Behaviors on...Ch. 2.1 - Can choosing the right music make wine taste...Ch. 2.1 - Fruit Juice May Be Fueling Pudgy Preschoolers,...Ch. 2.1 - The article Americans are Getting the Wrong Idea...Ch. 2.1 - Based on a survey conducted on the eDiets.com web...
Ch. 2.1 - A survey of affluent Americans (those with incomes...Ch. 2.1 - Does living in the South cause high blood...Ch. 2.2 - A New York psychologist recommends that if you...Ch. 2.2 - As part of a curriculum review, a psychology...Ch. 2.2 - A petition with 500 signatures is submitted to a...Ch. 2.2 - The article Bicyclists and Other Cyclists (Annals...Ch. 2.2 - The article Teenage Physical Activity Reduces Risk...Ch. 2.2 - For each of the situations described, state...Ch. 2.2 - Of the 6500 students enrolled at a community...Ch. 2.2 - Briefly explain why it is advisable to avoid the...Ch. 2.2 - The chairman of a California ballot initiative...Ch. 2.2 - The authors of the paper Digital Inequality:...Ch. 2.2 - The 2013 National Study of Substance Use Habits of...Ch. 2.2 - The paper Deception and Design: The Impact of...Ch. 2.2 - The authors of the paper “Popular Video Games:...Ch. 2.2 - Participants in a study of honesty in online...Ch. 2.2 - The report “Undergraduate Students and Credit...Ch. 2.2 - The financial aid advisor of a university plans to...Ch. 2.2 - Suppose that you were asked to help design a...Ch. 2.2 - The article High Levels of Mercury Are Found in...Ch. 2.2 - Whether or not to continue a Mardi Gras Parade...Ch. 2.3 - The head of the quality control department at a...Ch. 2.3 - A study of college students showed a temporary...Ch. 2.3 - According to the article Rubbing Hands Together...Ch. 2.3 - The following is from an article titled After the...Ch. 2.3 - The report Comparative Study of Two Computer Mouse...Ch. 2.3 - The Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College...Ch. 2.3 - In an experiment to compare two different surgical...Ch. 2.3 - In many digital environments, users are allowed to...Ch. 2.3 - Does playing action video games provide more than...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.3 - Construct a diagram to represent the gasoline...Ch. 2.3 - An advertisement for a sweatshirt that appeared in...Ch. 2.3 - The paper Turning to Learn: Screen Orientation and...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 2.3 - Red wine contains flavonol, an antioxidant thought...Ch. 2.4 - Explain why some studies include both a control...Ch. 2.4 - Explain why blinding is a reasonable strategy in...Ch. 2.4 - Give an example of an experiment for each of the...Ch. 2.4 - Swedish researchers concluded that viewing and...Ch. 2.4 - In an experiment to compare two different surgical...Ch. 2.4 - The article Placebos Are Getting More Effective....Ch. 2.4 - The article Yes That Miley Cyrus Biography Helps...Ch. 2.4 - Suppose that the researchers who carried out the...Ch. 2.4 - The article Doctor Dogs Diagnose Cancer by...Ch. 2.4 - Pismo Beach, California, has an annual clam...Ch. 2.4 - The San Luis Obispo Tribune (May 7, 2002) reported...Ch. 2.4 - The article A Debate in the Dentists Chair (San...Ch. 2.5 - The article “Effects of Too Much TV Can Be Undone”...Ch. 2 - The article Rethinking Calcium Supplements (US...Ch. 2 - A pollster for the Public Policy Institute of...Ch. 2 - A study in Florida is examining whether health...Ch. 2 - Is status related to a student’s understanding of...Ch. 2 - The article “Tots’ TV-Watching May Spur Attention...Ch. 2 - A study of more than 50,000 U.S. nurses found that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 71CRCh. 2 - The article Workers Grow More Dissatisfied in the...Ch. 2 - According to the article “Effect of Preparation...Ch. 2 - Prob. 74CRCh. 2 - Prob. 75CRCh. 2 - Researchers at the University of Houston decided...Ch. 2 - You have been asked to determine on what types of...Ch. 2 - A manufacturer of clay roofing tiles would like to...Ch. 2 - A mortgage lender routinely places advertisements...Ch. 2 - A tropical forest survey conducted by Conservation...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is it a good idea to give routine cancer screening test for a healthy person ?arrow_forwardPosted at the Mayo Clinic's website was information on the use of Vitamin C for breast- feeding mothers. The children whose mothers had chosen to take high doses of vitamin C had a 30% lower risk of developing allergies. A.) Would this study be considered an observational or experimental study? Explain your reasoning. B.) Can we conclude that the use of vitamin C caused the reduction in allergies? Why or why not?arrow_forward1.In a national survey of 2013 adults, 1283 indicated that they believe rudeness is a more serious problem than in years past. Does this indicate that more than three-quarters of American adults believe rudeness is a worsening problem?arrow_forward
- A hypothetical study looks at the effect of drinking alcohol on health. Across all genders and age groups, people who do not drink tend to be healthier on average than people who do drink. However, people who drink regularly are on average healthier than those people who have recently stopped drinking. Is it reasonable to conclude that for the sake of health, we should not start drinking, but if we have already started drinking alcohol, it is healthier to continue and not to stop?arrow_forwardIn a study conducted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a sample of 546 boys aged 6–11 was weighed, and it was determined that 87 of them were overweight. A sample of 508 girls aged 6–11 was also weighed, and 74 of them were overweight. Can you conclude that the proportion of boys who are overweight differs from the proportion of girls who are overweight?arrow_forwardThe following is based on information from The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species, by David E. Brown (University of Arizona Press). Before 1918, the proportion of female wolves in the general population of all southwestern wolves was about 50%. However, after 1918, southwestern cattle ranchers began a widespread effort to destroy wolves. In a recent sample of 37 wolves, there were only 11 females. One theory is that male wolves tend to return sooner than females to their old territories, where their predecessors were exterminated. Do these data indicate that the population proportion of female wolves is now less than 50% in the region? Use α = 0.01. (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. O Ho: P 0.5 O Ho: P = 0.5; H₁: p 5 and nq > 5. O The Student's t, since np > 5 and ng > 5. The standard normal, since np < 5 and nq < 5. O The Student's t, since np < 5 and nq < 5. What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round…arrow_forward
- The following is based on information from The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species, by David E. Brown (University of Arizona Press). Before 1918, the proportion of female wolves in the general population of all southwestern wolves was about 50%. However, after 1918, southwestern cattle ranchers began a widespread effort to destroy wolves. In a recent sample of 37 wolves, there were only 11 females. One theory is that male wolves tend to return sooner than females to their old territories, where their predecessors were exterminated. Do these data indicate that the population proportion of female wolves is now less than 50% in the region? Use a = 0.01.arrow_forwardThe following is based on information from The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species, by David E. Brown (University of Arizona Press). Before 1918, the proportion of female wolves in the general population of all southwestern wolves was about 50%. However, after 1918, southwestern cattle ranchers began a widespread effort to destroy wolves. In a recent sample of 37 wolves, there were only 11 females. One theory is that male wolves tend to return sooner than females to their old territories, where their predecessors were exterminated. Do these data indicate that the population proportion of female wolves is now less than 50% in the region? Use a = 0.01. (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. O Ho: p 0.5 (b) What sampling distribution will you use? O The Student's t, since np 5 and nq > 5. O The Student's t, since np > 5 and ng > 5. What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)…arrow_forwardThe National Center for Health Statistics, housed within the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tracks the number of adults in the United States who have health insurance. According to this agency, the uninsured rates for Americans in 2018 are as follows: 5.1% of those under the age of 18, 12.4% of those ages 18-64, and 1.1% of those 65and older do not have health insurance (CDC website). Approximately 22.8% of Americans are under age 18, and 61.4% of Americans are aged 18-64. Given that the person is an uninsured American, what is the probability that the person is 65 or older (to 3 decimals)?arrow_forward
- A researcher determines that 8% of the males enrolled in Introductory Psychology have some form of color blindness, compared to only 2% of the females. Is there a significant relationship between color blindness and gender?arrow_forwardIt appears that there is some truth to the old adage “That which doesn’t kill us makes us stronger.” Seery, Holman, and Silver (2010) found that individuals with some history of adversity report better mental health and higher well-being compared to people with little or no history of adversity. In an attempt to examine this phenomenon, a researcher surveys a group of college students to determine the negative life events that they experienced in the past 5 years and their current feeling of well-being. For n = 16 participants with 2 or fewer negative experiences, the average well-being score is M = 42 with SS = 398, and for n = 16 participants with 5 to 10 negative experiences the average score is M = 48.6 with SS = 370. Is there a significant difference between the two populations represented by these two samples? Use a two-tailed test with α = .01 [use the 4-step procedure]. [Remember to assess whether the assumption of homogeneity of variances is satisfied or not, alpha = .01…arrow_forwardIt appears that there is some truth to the old adage “That which doesn’t kill us makes us stronger.” Seery, Holman, and Silver (2010) found that individuals with some history of adversity report better mental health and higher well-being compared to people with little or no history of adversity. In an attempt to examine this phenomenon, a researcher surveys a group of college students to determine the negative life events that they experienced in the past 5 years and their current feeling of well-being. For n = 18 participants with 2 or fewer negative experiences, the average well-being score is M = 42 with SS = 398, and for n = 16 participants with 5 to 10 negative experiences the average score is M = 48.6 with SS = 370. a.) Is there a significant difference between the two populations represented by these two samples? Include whether you reject or retain the Null Hypothesis. Use a two-tailed test with α = 0.01 b.) Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the effect. c.) Write a…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
What Are Research Ethics?; Author: HighSchoolScience101;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX4c3V23DZI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
What is Ethics in Research - ethics in research (research ethics); Author: Chee-Onn Leong;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8Vk0sXtMGU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY