(a)
Interpretation: The substance with lower entropy from
Concept Introduction: Entropy of any substance is defined by its degree of randomness. It increases with the molecular weight of a substance and its complexity. If concentration and pressure increase, the entropy of the substance decreases. Also, it depends on the state of the substance, for example, solid substances have less entropy as compared to liquid and gaseous substances have maximum entropy. For substances in the same state, a substance with higher molecular weight has greater entropy.
(b)
Interpretation: The substance with lower entropy from quartz and glass needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction: Entropy of any substance is defined by its degree of randomness. It increases with the molecular weight of a substance and its complexity. If concentration and pressure increase, the entropy of the substance decreases. Also, it depends on the state of the substance, for example, solid substances have less entropy as compared to liquid and gaseous substances have maximum entropy. For substances in the same state, a substance with higher molecular weight has greater entropy.
(c)
Interpretation: The substance with higher entropy from ethylcyclobutane and cyclohexane needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction: Entropy of any substance is defined by its degree of randomness. It increases with the molecular weight of a substance and its complexity. If concentration and pressure increase, the entropy of the substance decreases. Also, it depends on the state of the substance, for example, solid substances have less entropy as compared to liquid and gaseous substances have maximum entropy. For substances in the same state, a substance with higher molecular weight has greater entropy.
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CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTE
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- Predict the sign of S, if possible, for each of the following reactions. If you cannot predict the sign for any reaction, state why. a HCl(g)+NH3(g)NH4Cl(s) b N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) c 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) d CH3OH(l)+32O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(g)arrow_forwardCalculate H and G for the following reactions at 25C, using thermodynamic data from Appendix C; interpret the signs of H and G. a Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s)Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s) b COCl2(g)+H2O(l)CO2(g)+2HCl(g)arrow_forwardWhat is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forward
- Describe the energy and entropy changes that occur in the following processes, and indicate whether the processes are spontaneous under the conditions stated: a.On a cold day, water freezes. b.A container of water at 40C cools to room temperature. c.The odor from an open bottle of perfume spreads throughout a room.arrow_forwardCalculate H and G for the following reactions at 25C, using thermodynamic data from Appendix C; interpret the signs of H and G. a 2PbO(s)+N2(g)2Pb(s)+2NO(g)\ b CS2(l)+2H2O(l)CO2(g)+2H2S(g)arrow_forwardConsider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?arrow_forward
- Someone once suggested that it is impossible to unscramble a scrambled egg. Describe an unscrambled and a scrambled egg in terms of the concept of entropy.arrow_forwardGiven the following illustration, what can be said about the sign of S for the process of solid NaCl dissolving in water? What can be said about H for this process?arrow_forwardConsider the reaction of 2 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1 atm with 1 mol O2(g) at the same temperature and pressure to produce liquid water at these conditions. If this reaction is run in a controlled way to generate work, what is the maximum useful work that can be obtained? How much entropy is produced in this case?arrow_forward
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