Chapter 20, Problem 20.25P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given pair of substance, the greater molar entropy $\Delta S$ has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’.  It is a state function.  The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process.  The entropy changes associated with a phase transition reaction can be found by the following equation.

  $\text{ΔS }\text{}\text{=}\text{}\text{}\frac{\text{ΔΗ}}{\text{Τ}}$

Where,

  $\Delta {\rm H}$ is the change in enthalpy of the system

  $\text{T}$ is the absolute value of the temperature

  $\Delta \text{S}$ is the change in entropy in the system

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater molar entropy $\Delta S$ for the given substances has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’.  It is a state function.  The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process.  The entropy changes associated with a phase transition reaction can be found by the following equation.

  $\text{ΔS }\text{}\text{=}\text{}\text{}\frac{\text{ΔΗ}}{\text{Τ}}$

Where,

  $\Delta {\rm H}$ is the change in enthalpy of the system

  $\text{T}$ is the absolute value of the temperature

  $\Delta \text{S}$ is the change in entropy in the system

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater molar entropy $\Delta S$ for the given substances has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’.  It is a state function.  The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process.  The entropy changes associated with a phase transition reaction can be found by the following equation.

  $\text{ΔS }\text{}\text{=}\text{}\text{}\frac{\text{ΔΗ}}{\text{Τ}}$

Where,

  $\Delta {\rm H}$ is the change in enthalpy of the system

  $\text{T}$ is the absolute value of the temperature

  $\Delta \text{S}$ is the change in entropy in the system

In thermodynamics entropy is the term that measures the randomness of the system.  The system can have different energy levels and the constituent particles such as atoms and molecules can be arranged in different possible ways.  The different possible arrangements of particles are called as the thermodynamic probability.  The different possible arrangements are also called as microstates.