
Concept explainers
To determine: Whether the people with HLA-B*51 are more or less likely than those with other HLAs to have the virus with the mutation.
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the group of retrovirus that is sexually transmitted from one to another. It causes a disease that leads to life-threatening infections called AIDS. Here, the immune system fails or weakens due to the viral infection and is accompanied with the development of many infections. Certain proteins called human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are produced and displayed by our cells that act as a marker for the identification of unusual invaders in the body. Each unique marker is produced for the determination of self-cells versus the invaders by the immune system.

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Chapter 20 Solutions
Bundle: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, Loose-leaf Version, 14th + LMS Integrated for MindTap Biology, 2 terms (12 months) Printed Access Card
- O Macmillan Learning Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly The pKa values for the peptide's side chains, terminal amino groups, and carboxyl groups are provided in the table. Amino acid Amino pKa Carboxyl pKa Side-chain pKa glutamate 9.60 2.34 histidine 9.17 1.82 4.25 6.00 tryptophan 9.39 2.38 serine 9.15 2.21 glycine 9.60 2.34 leucine 9.60 2.36 arginine 9.04 2.17 12.48 proline 10.96 1.99 Calculate the net charge of the molecule at pH 3. net charge at pH 3: Calculate the net charge of the molecule at pH 8. net charge at pH 8: Calculate the net charge of the molecule at pH 11. net charge at pH 11: Estimate the isoelectric point (pl) for this peptide. pl:arrow_forwardBiology Questionarrow_forwardThis entire structure (Pinus pollen cone) using lifecycle terminology is called what?arrow_forward
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