Concept explainers
(a)
To identify: The genes expressed in a specific type of brain cell.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
(b)
To isolate: The neurotransmitter gene expressed in brain cells.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
(c)
To produce: Multiple copies of the gene encoding for neurotransmitter protein.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
(d)
To produce: Large quantities of the neurotransmitter.
Introduction:
A particular gene can be identified through its expression in a particular cell and its interaction with other genes. To study the gene expression, specific mRNAs corresponding to a gene of interest are to be identified and reverse transcribed to form cDNA. This sequence can be identified through RT-PCR, DNA microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. To study a particular protein, multiple copies of the gene fragment encoding that protein are synthesized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These gene fragments are then inserted into the expression vector to synthesize a large quantity of proteins encoded by the gene in a process known as gene cloning.
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-W/MOD.MASTERBIOLOGY
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion 1. Which one of the following sequences best describes the flow of information from a gene to synthesis of a cellular component? A) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein B) DNA → RNA → protein C) DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein D) DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein E) protein → RNA → DNAarrow_forwardThe “zipper” of a leucine zipper protein attaches (a) specific amino acids to specific DNA base pairs (b) two polypeptide hains to each other (c) one DNA region to another DNA region (d) amino acids to zinc atoms (e) RNA polymerase to the operatorarrow_forwardUse your genetic code (codon) table to answer the next two questions: What type of mutation would result if the sequence of a gene were altered so that the sequence of the mRNA was changed from: AUGCCGUGCAGUAAC to AUGCCAUGCAGUAAC A) a silent mutation B) a nonsense mutation C) a frame-shift mutation D) a missense mutation E) a base insertion mutationarrow_forward
- From DNA to Protein 3D what is the location in the cell or organelle where these processes occur, the main enzymes and substrates for each process, details about initiation, elongation, and termination of each process.arrow_forward58Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses that were considered by Fire and coworkers for how double-stranded RNA silences worm genes? A.double-stranded RNA destabilizes mRNAb.double-stranded RNA directly degrades specific mRNAc.double-stranded RNA inhibits gene transcriptionD.double-stranded RNA alters the target DNA 59Walter Gilbert coined the term ( ) for an intervening sequence that is removed during the conversion of a primary transcript to a mature RNA. 60RNA polymerase II requires the assistance of general ________________ to transcribe naked DNA from specific transcription sites. A.enhancersb.repressorsc.promotersD.transcription factorsarrow_forwardWhich component is not directly involved in translation?(A) GTP(B) DNA(C) tRNA(D) ribosomesarrow_forward
- O Search View Help Grammarly Describe in detail each of the following proteins and their role in the cellular processes that they are involved. How does the structure of each relate to their specific function? i) Ras ii) immunoglobulins iii) CDKSarrow_forwardThe function of mRNA is to (a) deliver amino acids to the ribosome (b) act as the template for the sequence of amino acids in the protein (c) unwind the DNA (d) act a primer during DNA replication (e) all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following schemes for molecular informationflow never occurs?(a) DNA → rRNA(b) DNA → tRNA(c) DNA → mRNA(d) RNA → DNA(e) mRNA → protein(f) DNA → proteinarrow_forward
- Match the key learning to the process or investigation statement. a. one-gene/one-enzyme hypothesis b. a protein has a particular sequence of amino acids f. triplet hypothesis g. translation c. messenger RNA hypothesis d. stop code e. the genetic code is redundant h. RNA i. Transcription j. Start code 53. Only nucleotide variations adding or removing three nucleotides produced a functional protein. 54. ribosomes in the cytoplasm organize MRNA and tRNA to combine amino acids into a polypeptide 55. nucleotides are made of ribose, phosphate and one of the nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil 56. Jacob and Monod proposed that DNA's genetic message was copied on complementary RNA.arrow_forwardVISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows the relationships among the following: RNA, translation, DNA, transcription, and polypeptide.arrow_forwardQ: Sort each description by the type of RNA it describes? a) contains an anticodon b) specifies the amino acid squence for a protein c) contains exons d) has amino acids covalently attached e) is a component of ribosomes f) is the most abundant form of RNA A) a, b, d - TRNA, c - MRNA, e, f - FRNA B) a, c - TRNA, b, d - MRNA, e, f - rRNA C) a, e, f - FRNA, b - mRNA, c, d - TRNA OD) None of the abovearrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning