a) Interpretation: The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided. Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result. To identify: The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Question

How many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in bottom molecule

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

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How many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in bottom molecule

In the drawing area below, draw the major products of this organic reaction: 1. NaOH ? 2. CH3Br If there are no major products, because nothing much will happen to the reactant under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : A ค

Predict the major products of the following organic reaction: NC Δ ? Some important Notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. • Be sure to draw bonds carefully to show important geometric relationships between substituents. Note: if your answer contains a complicated ring structure, you must use one of the molecular fragment stamps (available in the menu at right) to enter the ring structure. You can add any substituents using the pencil tool in the usual way. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х а

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 19.1 - Draw structures corresponding to the following...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 19.2 - How would you carry out the following reactions?...Ch. 19.4 - Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with cyanide...Ch. 19.4 - p-Nitrobenzaldehyde is more reactive toward...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 19.5 - The oxygen in water is primarily (99.8) 16O, but...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 19.8 - Show the products you would obtain by...

Solution Summary: The author explains how aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals.

Chapter 19 Solutions