Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 6RE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The steps through which pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The breakdown of a glucose molecule to produce ATP, NADH, and pyruvate molecules is called glycolysis.
The pyruvate is the initial reacting substrate for the citric acid cycle that goes through several reactions in the presence of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to give acetyl-CoA.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a set of five enzymes, namely, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hydro lipoyl transacetylase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.
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Biochemical reactions often look more complex than they really are. In the pentose phosphate pathway, sedoheptulose
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catalyzed by transaldolase.
CH,OH
C=0
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H-C-OH
一進
ÇH,OH
но-с-н
H-C-OH
H-C-OH
CH,OPO;
H-C-OH
H-C-OH
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H-C-OH
transaldolase H-C-OH
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Sedoheptulose Glyceraldehyde
7-phosphate
Erythrose
4-phosphate
Fructose
6-phosphate
3-phosphate
Draw the mechanisms for the two steps of this reaction using curved double-barbed arrows to show the movement of electrons.
Do not delete any of the existing bonds, charges., or lone pairs.
Draw the first step of the reaction. : B represents a deprotonated base in the enzyme's active site.
Select
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Erase
H.
Draw the first step of the rcaction. : B represents a deprotonated base in the enzyme's active site.
Select
Draw
Rings
Groups
More
Erase
CH,OH
CH,OH
HO-C-H
H-C-OH
H-C-OH
CH,OPO;…
Solve correctly please with explanation need.
Solve correctly please, need both parts with some explanation for any ratings.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 19 - RECALL Which pathways are involved in the...Ch. 19 - RECALL How many ATPs can be produced from one...Ch. 19 - RECALL What are the different names used to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RECh. 19 - Prob. 5RECh. 19 - Prob. 6RECh. 19 - Prob. 7RECh. 19 - RECALL What three molecules produced during the...Ch. 19 - RECALL How many enzymes are involved in mammalian...Ch. 19 - RECALL Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11RECh. 19 - Prob. 12RECh. 19 - Prob. 13RECh. 19 - Prob. 14RECh. 19 - RECALL Why is the reaction catalyzed by citrate...Ch. 19 - RECALL What does it mean when an enzyme has the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17RECh. 19 - RECALL With respect to stereochemistry, what is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19RECh. 19 - Prob. 20RECh. 19 - Prob. 21RECh. 19 - RECALL What are the similarities and differences...Ch. 19 - Prob. 23RECh. 19 - Prob. 24RECh. 19 - Prob. 25RECh. 19 - RECALL Why can we say that production of a GTP is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27RECh. 19 - RECALL ATP is a competitive inhibitor of NADH...Ch. 19 - RECALL Is the conversion of fumarate to malate a...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY We have seen one of the four...Ch. 19 - Prob. 31RECh. 19 - Prob. 32RECh. 19 - Prob. 33RECh. 19 - Prob. 34RECh. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does an increase in the...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does an increase in the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 37RECh. 19 - Prob. 38RECh. 19 - Prob. 39RECh. 19 - Prob. 40RECh. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY How could the expression milking...Ch. 19 - Prob. 42RECh. 19 - Prob. 43RECh. 19 - Prob. 44RECh. 19 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Why is it possible for...Ch. 19 - RECALL Describe the various purposes of the citric...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY The intermediates of glycolysis...Ch. 19 - Prob. 48RECh. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY Many soft drinks contain citric...Ch. 19 - RECALL NADH is an important coenzyme in catabolic...Ch. 19 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What are the anaplerotic...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is acetyl-CoA considered the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 53RE
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- RECALL How many enzymes are involved in mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase? What are their functions?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylated, but those of the citric acid cycle are not. Suggest a reason why.arrow_forwardRECALL What are the similarities and differences between the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?arrow_forward
- RECALL Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.arrow_forwardRECALL What is the difference between the type of oxidation catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and that catalyzed by -hydroxy-CoA dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLLY Show how the estimate of 33% efficiency of energy use in anaerobic glycolysis is derived.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Cytochrome oxidase and succinate-CoQ oxidoreductase are isolated from mitochondria and are incubated in the presence of oxygen, along with cytochrome c, coenzyme Q, and succinate. What is the overall oxidationreduction reaction that can be expected to take place?arrow_forwardRECALL Which of the enzymes discussed in this chapter are NADH-linked dehydrogenases?arrow_forwardRECALL Many NADH-linked dehydrogenases have similar active sites. Which part of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase would be the most conserved between other enzymes?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY How does an increase in the NADH/NAD1 ratio affect the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY How does the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate bring about the reversal of one of the physiologically irreversible steps of glycolysis?arrow_forwardRECALL What are the possible metabolic fates of pyruvate?arrow_forward
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