Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 9RE
RECALL How many enzymes are involved in mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase? What are their functions?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 19 - RECALL Which pathways are involved in the...Ch. 19 - RECALL How many ATPs can be produced from one...Ch. 19 - RECALL What are the different names used to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RECh. 19 - Prob. 5RECh. 19 - Prob. 6RECh. 19 - Prob. 7RECh. 19 - RECALL What three molecules produced during the...Ch. 19 - RECALL How many enzymes are involved in mammalian...Ch. 19 - RECALL Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11RECh. 19 - Prob. 12RECh. 19 - Prob. 13RECh. 19 - Prob. 14RECh. 19 - RECALL Why is the reaction catalyzed by citrate...Ch. 19 - RECALL What does it mean when an enzyme has the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17RECh. 19 - RECALL With respect to stereochemistry, what is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19RECh. 19 - Prob. 20RECh. 19 - Prob. 21RECh. 19 - RECALL What are the similarities and differences...Ch. 19 - Prob. 23RECh. 19 - Prob. 24RECh. 19 - Prob. 25RECh. 19 - RECALL Why can we say that production of a GTP is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27RECh. 19 - RECALL ATP is a competitive inhibitor of NADH...Ch. 19 - RECALL Is the conversion of fumarate to malate a...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY We have seen one of the four...Ch. 19 - Prob. 31RECh. 19 - Prob. 32RECh. 19 - Prob. 33RECh. 19 - Prob. 34RECh. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does an increase in the...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY How does an increase in the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 37RECh. 19 - Prob. 38RECh. 19 - Prob. 39RECh. 19 - Prob. 40RECh. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY How could the expression milking...Ch. 19 - Prob. 42RECh. 19 - Prob. 43RECh. 19 - Prob. 44RECh. 19 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS Why is it possible for...Ch. 19 - RECALL Describe the various purposes of the citric...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY The intermediates of glycolysis...Ch. 19 - Prob. 48RECh. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY Many soft drinks contain citric...Ch. 19 - RECALL NADH is an important coenzyme in catabolic...Ch. 19 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What are the anaplerotic...Ch. 19 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is acetyl-CoA considered the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 53RE
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- REFLECT AND APPLY The malate-aspartate shuttle yields about 2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why does nature use the glycerol-phosphate shuttle, which yields only about 1.5 moles of ATP?arrow_forwardRECALL Outline the role of carnitine in the transport of acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondrion. How many enzymes are involved? What are they called?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylated, but those of the citric acid cycle are not. Suggest a reason why.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Explain how the pentose phosphate path- way can respond to a cells need for ATP, NADPH, and ribose-5- phosphate.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY In the mitochondrion is a short-chain carnitine acyltransferase that can take acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA and transfer them to carnitine. How might this be related to lipid biosynthesis?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY How does the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate bring about the reversal of one of the physiologically irreversible steps of glycolysis?arrow_forward
- RECALL What are the possible metabolic fates of pyruvate?arrow_forwardRECALL Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the fact that the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, is strongly exergonic (recall this from Chapter 15), even though the standard free-energy change for the half reaction Pyruvate+2H++2eLactate is positive (G=36.2kJmol1=8.8kcalmol1), indicating an endergonic reaction.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLLY Show how the estimate of 33% efficiency of energy use in anaerobic glycolysis is derived.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLLY High levels of glucose-6-phosphate inhibit glycolysis. If the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate decreases, activity is restored. Why?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Why does the degradation of palmitic acid (see Question 12) to eight molecules of acetyl-CoA require seven, rather than eight, rounds of the -oxidation process?arrow_forward
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