Chapter 19, Problem 19.70P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that $p-$ hydroxy benzoic acid is less acidic than benzoic acid, $o-$ hydroxy benzoic acid is slightly more acidic than benzoic acid is to be explained.

Concept introduction: The inductive effect is due to the difference in electronegativity between the atoms. Its effect decreases as the number of carbon atoms increase. Electron withdrawing groups shows $-\text{I}$ effect and electron releasing group shows $+\text{I}$ effect.