Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18.4, Problem 1CYL
- describe the transitions and innovations associated with the origin and evolution of the major groups of land plants and vertebrates?
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Review the life cycles of the three major plant groups (bryophyte or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants). Be able to identify the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in each plant group.
Make one graph that shows patterns of changes in the following characteristics, as the different plant groups (bryophytes or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants) appeared or evolved on land through time.
1) size of the gametophyte generation
2) size of the sporophyte generation
3) biomass (amount of organic material) stored in the sporophyte
4) degree of dependence on water for fertilization
Make sure the y- and x- axes of the graph, labels and title are included and correctly applied.
Draw a phylogenetic tree illustrating our current understanding ofplant phylogeny; label the common ancestor of plants and the originsof multicellular gametangia, vascular tissue, and seeds.
If you were to find 60-million-year-old fossils of a species of land plants on the east coast of the northern part of North America, on what part of which continent would you begin a quest for similar fossils?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQ
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- Draw a tree depicting our current understanding of land plant phylogeny. Include the four major groups of land plants at the tips of your tree, label the common ancestor of land plants, and mark where each of the critical innovations arose: embryo, sporopollenin, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers.arrow_forwardList the signiicant events in the evolution of land plants.arrow_forwardWhat is the correct order of appearance in the fossil record, starting with the earliest: flowering plants, ferns, gymnosperms?arrow_forward
- What is the correct order of appearance in the fossil record, starting with the earliest: flowering plants, ferns, gymnosperms?arrow_forwardWhat group of organisms shares the most recent common ancestor with plants?arrow_forwardWhat are trumpet cells in brown algae? What type of cells do they resemble in true plants? Is their presence in brown algae a sign that brown algae are related to the ancestors of true plants, or is it just a remarkable case of convergent evolution?arrow_forward
- This figure identifies lineages as plants, non-vascular plants, vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants. Which of these categories are paraphyletic and which are monophyletic?arrow_forwardPlants made the leap from water to land during the late Ordovician period (we think). In order to make it, various physical obstacles had to be overcome. Choose one adaptation and explore it further. What evidence do we have of this change? Are there specific fossils of plants that exhibit it? How do we think it may have developed? Not all of these changes occurred at the exact same time. Was your chosen adaptation one of the first or late to the game? including references are appreciated.arrow_forward1. The taxonomic Supergroups of life are a work in progress which attempt to hypothesize on the relatedness of life's major groups. Currently this phylogeny includes a non-dichotomously branching clade with three different branches connecting to one node. The clade that includes all three branches emerging from the same node is known as A) homeoplasiac traits. B) polytomic lineages. C) paraphyletic clade. D) polyphyletic clade E) all of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following evidences would BEST determine whether two plant species share a recent common ancestor? Group of answer choices seed development fossil record DNA sequences habitat distributionarrow_forwardWhere do lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns fit in the evolutionary history of the plants?arrow_forwardWhen did plants first emerge? What kinds of fossils were found to give us some ideas about the timeline? What group of green algae is most closely related to plants? How do we know?arrow_forward
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