The reason behind the small size of today’s ferns, club mosses, and horsetails in comparison to their giant ancestors. Introduction: Vast swamps and shallow seas covered much of the region of North America and Europe. The great expanse of forests comprised of gigantic trees covered this region. Trees at that time were different from the oaks, elms, and pines of today’s world. Those trees were primitive vascular plants.

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Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…

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Chapter 18.4, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The reason behind the small size of today’s ferns, club mosses, and horsetails in comparison to their giant ancestors.

Introduction:

Vast swamps and shallow seas covered much of the region of North America and Europe. The great expanse of forests comprised of gigantic trees covered this region. Trees at that time were different from the oaks, elms, and pines of today’s world. Those trees were primitive vascular plants.

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Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…

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