Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18.4, Problem 1TC
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The reason behind the small size of today’s ferns, club mosses, and horsetails in comparison to their giant ancestors.
Introduction:
Vast swamps and shallow seas covered much of the region of North America and Europe. The great expanse of forests comprised of gigantic trees covered this region. Trees at that time were different from the oaks, elms, and pines of today’s world. Those trees were primitive vascular plants.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQ
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- Gametophytes develop into gametes and sporophytes develop into spores. True False In mosses and ferns, fertilization, and zygote and embryo formation occur in antheridia. True False Which of the following structures are in an archegonium of a moss? sterile jacket venter neck spermatogenous cells Ferns have roots and vascular tissues but mosses don't. True Falsearrow_forwardSuppose an efficient conducting system evolved in a moss that could transport water and other materials as high as a tall tree. Which of the following statements about “trees” of such a species would not be true? (A) Spore dispersal distances would probably increase. (B) Females could produce only one archegonium. (C) Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a “tree” would probably flop over. (D) Individuals would probably compete more effectively for access to light.arrow_forwardFerns first appeared in the Devonian Period. Look at the inside of the back cover. How long ago was the Devonian Period? Unlike all the groups mentioned so far in this chapter, most of this group is still extant, not extinct. About how many species of modern (i.e., not extinct) ferns are there?arrow_forward
- Create a key identification to the genus of Thelypteris(an example is posted below)arrow_forwardThe rhizome of ferns like the one shown in the previous question, have a dictyostele vascular cylinder. In your own words, what does this term mean and how does it differ from the protostele seen in the Lycophytes?arrow_forwardWhat is the characteristic that distinguishes bryophytes from the other plant phyla? Answers: They do not have embryos. They do not have vascular tissue. They have flowers. They have fruits. They have lignin in their cell walls. Please explain which answer is the correct one.arrow_forward
- What are leaves? what are the two types? What is the difference between homosporous plants and heterosporous plants? What are megaspores and microspores? What was significance of the ecological role of seedless vascular plants back when they dominated terrestrial habitats? Why is that so important to our modern world today?arrow_forwardWhy are most of the ferns found in moist areas?arrow_forwardIf Rhynia or its contemporaries were the ancestors to the ferns, how did the gametophytes and sporophytes change during evolution?arrow_forward
- Which of the following are parts of the gametophyte generation in mosses: antheridia, zygote, embryo, capsule, archegonia, sperm cells, egg cell, spores, and protonema?arrow_forwardCreate a key identification to the family of Thelypteridaceae(an example is posted below)arrow_forwardMoss gametophyte and sporophyte Describe the colors of the structure and their textures. Indicate which structures are haploid and diploid. Compare the morphology of the moss with the brown algae, polysiphonia, and spirogyra. What's the ecology of mosses and why are they sometimes called natures compass?arrow_forward
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