Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The hominins include members of genus Homo that have humans and their close relatives under them. Hominins have descended from genus Australopithecines. The first Australopithecines were evolved in Africa and named as Australopithecus africanus. These hominins could walk upright and had limbs like that of apes. They were believed to be the ancestors of early humans.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQ
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- Hominin evolution up to the point of AMHs occurred during a period of the Earth’s history when the climate a. Was getting steadily warmer with more rainfall b. Stayed about the same as it is now c. Was getting colder and dryer d. Was getting warmer and dryerarrow_forwardMatch the feature or characteristic to the hominin group in which they are found. Not all answers will be used and some will be used twice. -Frequently has a bony chin on the lower jaw. -Thought to be the common ancestor to both Paranthropus and Homo A. The Neanderthals Has a very large nose and bun of bone at the back of the skull, B. Homo sapiens Has a small face tucked under a short, high braincase. C Paranthropus boisei Known from Europe, the Middle East and central Asia between 30,000 and 400,000 years ago, until it was replaced by H. sapiens. D. Gracile australopithecines -Known from approximately 2.5-4.2 million years ago in East Africa.arrow_forwardWhy can’t scientists just do DNA analysis on these fossil hominins to determine if they are a separate species and possibly what species they belong to? A. The DNA of fossil hominins is too similar to modern humans, making it difficult to distinguish between them. B. The technology for extracting DNA from fossils hasn't been developed yet. C. The fossils would need to be in a -5 degree Celsius environment to prevent DNA from degrading D. Scientists can't perform DNA analysis on fossil hominins because the fossils have been contaminated with modern human DNA over the years, making it impossible to isolate the ancient genetic material.arrow_forward
- What do the marks found on the Bodo cranium indicate? A. The removal of flesh from the skull by tool-using hominins, either as a ritual or as some form of cannibalism. B. The earliest example of carnivore tooth marks on a hominin fossil. C. A pathology associated with poor diet, which may have contributed to this individual’s death. D. The fabrication of the fossil as a hoax, demonstrating that science is ultimately self-correcting.arrow_forwardHow does the amount of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans vary geographically? a. Individuals of European descent have the most Neanderthal DNA. b. The amount of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans is consistent across all populations. c. Individuals of African descent have the most Neanderthal DNA. d. Individuals of East Asian descent have the most Neanderthal DNA.arrow_forwardThe cladistic classification of apes and humans A. Divides hominids into hylobatids, pongids, and hominids B. Includes tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises C. Uses the term hominid to describe only humans and their ancestors D. Includes three subfamilies within hominids: Ponginae, Gorillinae, and Hominiaearrow_forward
- What does ancient DNA reveal about historic episodes of interaction between H. sapiens and Neanderthals? A. Neanderthals and H. sapiens reproduced more than once. B. Viruses introduced by H. sapiens contributed to the extinction to Neanderthals. C. Reproduction between H. sapiens and Neanderthals never occurred. D. Neanderthals and H. sapiens migrated out of Africa together.arrow_forwardThe “cooking hypothesis” suggests that Homo erectus A. Significantly increased the available food and nutrition and decreased tooth size after learning to control fire. B. Took much longer to evolve than other hominins because cooking made life much easier and more survivable for them. C. Started to use fire to keep animals away from their camps, thus allowing them to survive the long African nights. D. Began to cannibalize (and cook) other hominins, thus decreasing competition and increasing food availability at the same time.arrow_forwardccording to "The Complex Evolution of Homo sapiens", what is the significance of the L3 gene and who was the L3 woman? A.All individuals outside of Africa and who live in the Old World are descended from the L3 woman. B.All individuals within Africa are descended from the L3 woman. C.Only individuals within North and South America descended from the L3 woman. D.All individuals outside of Africa are descended from the L3 woman.arrow_forward
- Which of the following early hominins exhibits the most morphological similarities with the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees? a. Orrorin tugenensis b. Sahelanthropus tchadensis c. Australopithecus anamensis d. Ardipithecus ramidusarrow_forwardAbout when did the common ancestor of chimpanzees, humans, gorillas, and orangutans last exist? a. Between 5 and 8 million years ago b. Less than 5 million years ago c. More than 15 million years ago d. Between 10 and 15 million years ago e. Between 8 and 10 million years agoarrow_forwardYou are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. With the emphasis on anatomical and behavioral characteristics, this implies that the researchers are relying on A. Traditional classifications of chimpanzees and humans B. Nonevolutionary classifications of chimpanzees and humans C. An incorrect classification of human ancestors D. Cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humansarrow_forward
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