Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18.5, Problem 2CYL
- describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in general and of the one that occurred 66 million years ago in particular?
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What are the five mass extinctions of the past and the current theory of the sixth mass extinction? For each extinctions, what caused the extinction and how was ecosystem stability impacted? Was there any speciation that occurred afterward?
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WHAT IS MASS EXTINCTION? HOW DID MASS EXTINCTION EVENTS INFLUENCE EARTH'S HISTORY?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQ
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- Increases in species diversity arise because of A)increases in the rate of speciation. B)decreases in the rate of extinction. C)higher rates of speciation than extinction. D)All of the above The rates of extinction since the origin of life have followed which pattern? A)Gradual decrease B)Gradual increase C)No change D)Several episodes of mass extinctions, with much lower rates of fluctuating extinctions in between Which of the following statements about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? A)The new species is always an intermediate of the two parent species. B)The new species may have traits that allow it to inhabit environments different from both parental species. C)The new species may have greater genetic diversity and therefore greater trait diversity than the parental species. D)All of the above How can ecological processes influence the evolution of a population? A)Ecological…arrow_forward-How many mass extinctions have occurred total? List several possible causes.arrow_forwardAmong the descendants of the ancestor common to lineages A and B, how many total extinction events have occurred in the past 1 million years?arrow_forward
- Which of the following mass extinctions caused the loss of over 80% of species and was due to increased volcanic activity in what is now Siberia, Russia? The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction The Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction The Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction The Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinctionarrow_forwardDescribe the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. How can the fossil record support both?arrow_forwardBecause mass extinction is a natural process that may facilitate evolution during the period of thousands to millions of years that follow it, should humans be concerned about the current mass extinction we are causing? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- We have looked at what the fossil record can tell us about the amazing History of Life on Earth. We've examined the evidence for an early origin for life in the sea, 3800 million years, and investigated how life invaded life about 500 million years. We've also discussed the subsequent boom in life that massively increased biodiversity but also noted how the History of Life is frequently punctuated by mass extinctions. Today we stand on the threshold of a new mass extinction event. The biodiversity that we take for granted and that sustains humans is threatened to a degree only rarely seen in 4500 million years of Earth History. NOW TO CONCLUDE, ANSWER THE QUESTION. 1. ARE WE ON THE BRINK OF A MASS EXTINCTION? WHAT WOULD BE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR SOCIETY OF LOSING HALF OF ALL SPECIES BY 2100? ARE THERE ACTIONS THAT WE CAN TAKE AS INDIVIDUALS AND AS SOCIETY TO HELP PROTECT LIFE ON EARTH?arrow_forwardWhich eon has more events occurring in it? During which eon did life evolve? What is the difference between background extinctions and mass extinctions?arrow_forwardexplain how extinction has affected the course of evolutionary history?arrow_forward
- How have humans influenced extinctions?arrow_forwardScientists are examining the possible role of a large asteroid in the cretaceous mass extinction event. A large asteroid strike would likely have caused rapid climate cooling and the diffusion of sunlight. which of the following statements are the best null and alternative hypotheses when scientists look at the geologic evidence of extinction related to the asteroid strike?arrow_forwardThe best studied of the mass extinctions is the Cretaceous extinction. Why do you think it has been better studied than the other extinctions?arrow_forward
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