Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 3MC
In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion, the host cell benefited from the engulfed cell’s ability to ______________; in the endosymbiotic origin of the chloroplast, the host cell benefited from the engulfed cell’s ability to__________
- a. detoxify waste material; produce toxins that deterred predators
- b. use aerobic respiration to produce ATP; use photosynthesis to produce sugar
- c. use photosynthesis to generate oxygen; provide a shield against UV radiation
- d. move rapidly using flagella; form a cell nucleus
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Students have asked these similar questions
You are studying a newly identified photosynthetic organism. What evidence would you use to determine whether its
photosynthetic abilities were due to primary or secondary endosymbiosis?
Select one:
O a. Number of membranes around chloroplast
O b. Number of membranes around mitochondria
c. Presence of a chloroplast
O d. Number of chloroplasts
O e. Presence of mitochondria
Which type of organism does NOT photosynthesize?
a.
Heterotrophs
b.
Producers
c.
Cyanobacteria
d.
Algae
e.
Autotrophs
Through what process did eukaryotic cells gain chloroplasts and mitochondria?
a. engulfment
b. endosymbiosis
c. endocytosis
d. phagocytosis
e. conjugation
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQ
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- Mitochondria most likely evolved from_______. a. a photosynthetic cyanobacterium b. cytoskeletal elements c. aerobic bacteria d. membrane proliferationarrow_forwardWhy do scientists believe that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? A. because all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria but not all eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts B. because mitochondria are more efficient than chloroplasts C. because mitochondria live longer than chloroplasts D. because mitochondria are larger and stronger than chloroplasts Chrome OS Wienarrow_forwardA scientist claims that the presence of aquaporins in chloroplast membranes supports the endosymbiotic theory. Support the claim with evidence from biological concepts.arrow_forward
- The host cell in the endosymbiosis that produced the firstchloroplasts was a(n) ________.a. early eukaryote c. aerobic bacteriumb. archaeon d. algaarrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, _____ were/was originallyphotosynthetic bacteria.a. ribosomesb. chloroplastsc. mitochondriad. the nucleusarrow_forwardWhich of the sentences below does not describe an autotroph? a wheat that is used to make flour for bread b a cardinal that feeds on a sunflower c photosynthetic algae growing on the surface of a lake d bacteria that perform chemosynthesisarrow_forward
- What do you call a finger-like projection that arises from epithelial layer in some organs that helps to increase surface area allowing for faster and more efficient adsorption? A. cillia B. flagella C. microvilli D. villi Cell modification is the change in the structure of cell to carry out specialized function. Which of the following words will BEST describe the cell modification? A. alteration B. differentiation C. evolution D. mutation You learned that cells are structurally modified so that they can perform their function efficiently and effectively. Which of the following structures have specialized functions due to cell modification? I. Guard cells II. Haemoglobin Trichomes Xylem vessels III. IV. A. 1, II and III B. I, II and Iv C. I, III, and IV D. I, II, III and IV Which of the following statements best illustrate the adaptation and function of nodified cell? A. The xylem in the leaf helps the leaf to be positioned horizontally towards the sun. B. The hair-like structure in…arrow_forwardYou are growing algae in culture and expose them to CO2 that contains radiolabeled oxygen. Where does the radiolabeled oxygen end up after photosynthesis? a. water b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. carbohydrates e. carbon monoxidearrow_forwardBased on the diagram, which sentence BEST describes this organism? A. It is a prokaryote that can perform photosynthesis. B. It is a eukaryote that can perform photosynthesis. C. It is a prokaryote that cannot perform photosynthesis. D. It is a eukaryote that cannot perform photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- Protists with the capabilities to perform photosynthesis and to absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called ______________. a. photoautotrophs b. mixotrophs c. saprobes d. heterotrophsarrow_forwardWhich of the following components is not used by both plants and cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis? a. chloroplasts b. chlorophyll c. carbon dioxide d. waterarrow_forwardFor items 6-15 choose the letter of the best answer. No need to write the explanations. 6. How does a cell wall functions as protection for the cell? A. It protects the cell from insects. B. It controls passage of substances C. It maintains cell shape during excess water in cells D. It contains genetic material 7. It is an organelle for assembling ribosomes with genes for rRNA synthesis. A. Chromosomes B. Mitochondria C. Nucleolus D. Ribosomes 8. Why do phospholipids tend to organize into a bilayer in an aqueous solution? A. it hides its tail from water B. It hides its tail like a dog C. It arranges itself like a comb D. Its saturated fatty acids are straight 9. Which of the following matches with a microtubule's function? A. Cellular respiration B. Digestion C. Movement D. Photosynthesis 10. Which structure clearly distinguishes a eukaryote from a prokaryote? A. Chloroplast B. Flagella C. Nucleolus D. Vacuole 11. Which organisms have the smallest size of cells? A. Animals B.…arrow_forward
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